ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2012
Hormonal environment affects cognition independent of age during the menopause transition.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 39 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
39 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Cognition and mood in perimenopause: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Journal of steroid biochemistry and molecular biology · 2014Pooled it
- Cognitive Stimulation Therapy in Menopause: Feasibility randomised controlled trial.Reproduction & fertility · 2026Trial
- Associations between pituitary-ovarian hormones and cognition in recently menopausal women independent of type of hormone therapy.Maturitas · 2023Trial
- Estradiol variability, stressful life events, and the emergence of depressive symptomatology during the menopausal transition.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2016Trial
- The KEEPS-Cognitive and Affective Study: baseline associations between vascular risk factors and cognition.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2014Trial
- Gonadotropins Across the Lifespan: Their role in the Neurodevelopment-Neurodegeneration Continuum.The Yale journal of biology and medicine · 2026Review
- Loss of ovarian hormones is detrimental in early disease stages of mouse models of Alzheimer's disease and multi-etiology dementia.Biology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Cognitive strategy in verbal fluency: sex differences, menstrual cycle, and menopause effects.Cognitive processing · 2025Article
- Cognitive Function in Peri- and Postmenopausal Women: Implications for Considering Iron Supplementation.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Alzheimer disease seen through the lens of sex and gender.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2025Review
- Association Between Serum Follicle-Stimulating Hormone Levels and Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged and Older Women.Journal of Korean medical science · 2025Article
- Endogenous Estrogens and Brain Activation During Verbal Memory Encoding and Recognition in the Postmenopause.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
- Language diversity across home and work contexts differentially impacts age- and menopause-related declines in cognitive control in healthy females.Journal of experimental psychology. General · 2024Article
- Estradiol-mediated modulation of memory and of the underlying dendritic spine plasticity through the life span.Histology and histopathology · 2024Review
- Sex and Sleep Disruption as Contributing Factors in Alzheimer's Disease.Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD · 2024Review
- A tale of two systems: Lessons learned from female mid-life aging with implications for Alzheimer's prevention & treatment.Ageing research reviews · 2022Review
- Family history of FXTAS is associated with age-related cognitive-linguistic decline among mothers with the FMR1 premutation.Journal of neurodevelopmental disorders · 2022Article
- Effects of follicle-stimulating hormone on fat metabolism and cognitive impairment in women during menopause.Frontiers in physiology · 2022Review
- Ovarian steroid hormones: A long overlooked but critical contributor to brain aging and Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
- Sex Hormones, Sleep, and Memory: Interrelationships Across the Adult Female Lifespan.Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
contextCognitive decline is prevalent in aging populations, and cognitive complaints are common during menopause. However, the extent of hormonal influence is unclear, particularly when considered independent of the aging process.
objectiveWe sought to determine differences in cognitive function attributable to menopause, hypothesizing that differences would be associated with reproductive rather than chronological age. DESIGN AND
settingIn this cross-sectional study at a university hospital, we combined neuropsychological measures with functional magnetic resonance imaging to comprehensively assess cognitive function.
participantsSixty-seven menopausal women, aged 42-61 yr, recruited from a population-based menopause study, grouped into menopause stages based on hormonal and cycle criteria (premenopause, perimenopause, and postmenopause), participated in the study.
main outcome measuresNeuropsychological and functional magnetic resonance imaging measures of verbal, visual, and executive cognitive function.
resultsWe found age-independent menopause effects on verbal function. Menopause groups differed in phonemic verbal fluency (F = 3.58, P < 0.019) and regional brain activation (inferior frontal cortex: corrected P < 0.000 right, P < 0.036 left; left prefrontal cortex: P < 0.012); left temporal pole: P < 0.001). Verbal measures correlated with estradiol and FSH (phonemic fluency: R = 0.249, P < 0.047 estradiol, R = -0.275, P < 0.029 FSH; semantic fluency: R = 0.318, P < 0.011 estradiol, R = -0.321, P < 0.010 FSH; right inferior frontal cortex: R = 0.364, P < 0.008 FSH; left inferior frontal cortex: R = -0.431, P < 0.001 estradiol, left prefrontal cortex: R = 0.279, P < 0.045 FSH; left temporal pole: R = -0.310, P < 0.024 estradiol, R = 0.451, P < 0.001 FSH; left parahippocampal gyrus: R = -0.278, P < 0.044 estradiol; left parietal cortex: R = -0.326, P < 0.017 estradiol).
conclusionsResults suggest that verbal fluency mechanisms are vulnerable during the menopausal transition. Targeted intervention may preserve function of this critical cognitive domain.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.