Trial reportJournal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology2012
Inflammation in patients with schizophrenia: the therapeutic benefits of risperidone plus add-on dextromethorphan.
Trial report in Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. It is linked to trial NCT01189006 (A Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Study of the Efficacy of Dextromethorphan as Add-On Therapy to Risperidone Versus Risperidone Alone in Patients With Schizophrenia), which is not on this map. Cited by 19 papers, 5 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Double-blind, Placebo-Controlled, Randomized Study of the Efficacy of Dextromethorphan as Add-On Therapy to Risperidone Versus Risperidone Alone in Patients With Schizophrenia
Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 5 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) changes in rodent models of schizophrenia induced by ketamine: a systematic review.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2025Pooled it
- The Effects of Treatment in Psychotic Disorders-Changes in BDNF Levels and Clinical Outcomes: Systematic Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Pooled it
- The Role of Peripheral Inflammation in Clinical Outcome and Brain Imaging Abnormalities in Psychosis: A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- A meta-analysis of blood cytokine network alterations in psychiatric patients: comparisons between schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and depression.Molecular psychiatry · 2016Pooled it
- Peripheral brain-derived neurotrophic factor in schizophrenia and the role of antipsychotics: meta-analysis and implications.Molecular psychiatry · 2015Pooled it
- Associations between expression of indoleamine 2, 3-dioxygenase enzyme and inflammatory cytokines in patients with first-episode drug-naive Schizophrenia.Translational psychiatry · 2021Trial
- Associations between serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, hippocampal-prefrontal-ventricular volumes, and clinical profiles in schizophrenia: a biomarker and neuroimaging study in North Sumatera, Indonesia.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Add-On Dextromethorphan Improves the Effects of Pirfenidone in Bleomycin-Treated Mice and Patients With Pulmonary Fibrosis.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2025Article
- Brain-immune interaction mechanisms: Implications for cognitive dysfunction in psychiatric disorders.Cell proliferation · 2022Review
- Monocytic Subsets Impact Cerebral Cortex and Cognition: Differences Between Healthy Subjects and Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Article
- Anti-Stress Properties of Atypical Antipsychotics.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Risperidone Ameliorates Prefrontal Cortex Neural Atrophy and Oxidative/Nitrosative Stress in Brain and Peripheral Blood of Rats with Neonatal Ventral Hippocampus Lesion.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2019Article
- Minocycline as adjunct therapy for a male patient with deficit schizophrenia.Neuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2018Article
- Human Endogenous Retroviral Envelope Protein Syncytin-1 and Inflammatory Abnormalities in Neuropsychological Diseases.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2018Review
- Clozapine metabolites protect dopaminergic neurons through inhibition of microglial NADPH oxidase.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2016Article
- Changes in pro-inflammatory cytokines and body weight during 6-month risperidone treatment in drug naïve, first-episode schizophrenia.Psychopharmacology · 2014Article
- Evidence for a dysregulated immune system in the etiology of psychiatric disorders.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2013Review
- Inflammation and neurological disease-related genes are differentially expressed in depressed patients with mood disorders and correlate with morphometric and functional imaging abnormalities.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2013Article
- Inflammation Subtypes and Translating Inflammation-Related Genetic Findings in Schizophrenia and Related Psychoses: A Perspective on Pathways for Treatment Stratification and Novel Therapies.Harvard review of psychiatryReview
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issuedHong, Jau-Shyong [added]
Authors and funding
13 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
unlabelledIncreasing evidence suggests that inflammation contributes to the etiology and progression of schizophrenia. Molecules that initiate inflammation, such as virus- and toxin-induced cytokines, are implicated in neuronal degeneration and schizophrenia-like behavior. Using therapeutic agents with anti-inflammatory or neurotrophic effects may be beneficial for treating schizophrenia. One hundred healthy controls and 95 Han Chinese patients with schizophrenia were tested in this double-blind study. Their PANSS scores, plasma interleukin (IL)-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were measured before and after pharmacological treatment. Pretreatment, plasma levels of IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly higher in patients with schizophrenia than in controls, but plasma BDNF levels were significantly lower. Patients were treated with the atypical antipsychotic risperidone (Risp) only or with Risp+ dextromethorphan (DM). PANSS scores and plasma IL-1β levels significantly decreased, but plasma TNF-α and BDNF levels significantly increased after 11 weeks of Risp treatment. Patients in the Risp+ DM group showed a greater and earlier reduction of symptoms than did those in the Risp-only group. Moreover, Risp+ DM treatment attenuated Risp-induced plasma increases in TNF-α. Patients with schizophrenia had a high level of peripheral inflammation and a low level of peripheral BDNF. Long-term Risp treatment attenuated inflammation and potentiated the neurotrophic function but also produced a certain degree of toxicity. Risp+ DM was more beneficial and less toxic than Risp-only treatment. CLINICAL
trial registrationProtocol Record: HR-93-50; TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: NCT01189006; URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.