ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2012
Internalization and dissemination of human norovirus and animal caliciviruses in hydroponically grown romaine lettuce.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 90 citations in OpenAlex.
- Investigating the public health risks of low impact developments at residential, neighbourhood, and municipal levels.The Science of the total environment · 2020Pooled it
- Foodborne and Food-Handler Norovirus Outbreaks: A Systematic Review.Foodborne pathogens and disease · 2018Pooled it
- Multi-Ligand Interactions Shape Human Norovirus Persistence, Transmission, and Control in Food Matrices.Viruses · 2026Review
- Internalization and Localization of Murine Norovirus in Hydroponically Grown Green Onion (Allium Fistulosum L.).Food and environmental virology · 2026Article
- Food Safety in Hydroponic Food Crop Production: A Review of Intervention Studies to Control Human Pathogens.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Hydroponic Nutrient Solution Temperature Impacts Tulane Virus Persistence over Time.Food and environmental virology · 2024Article
- Protective Effect of Select Bacterial Species Representative of Fresh Produce on Human Norovirus Surrogates Exposed to Disinfecting Pulsed Light.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2023Article
- Impact of irrigation water quality on human norovirus surrogate survival during leafy green production.Frontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Peracetic Acid Sanitation on Arugula Microgreens Contaminated with Surface-Attached and Internalized Tulane Virus and Rotavirus.Food and environmental virology · 2021Article
- Reviewing chemical and biological risks in urban agriculture: A comprehensive framework for a food safety assessment of city region food systems.Food control · 2021Review
- A dynamic transport model for quantification of norovirus internalization in lettuce from irrigation water and associated health risk.The Science of the total environment · 2018Article
- Tissue Distribution and Visualization of Internalized Human Norovirus in Leafy Greens.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2018Article
- Internalization and dissemination of human norovirus and Tulane virus in fresh produce is plant dependent.Food microbiology · 2018Article
- Potential of Human Norovirus Surrogates andFrontiers in microbiology · 2018Article
- Selected Viruses Detected on and in our Food.Current clinical microbiology reports · 2018Review
- Bacterial Surface-Displayed GII.4 Human Norovirus Capsid Proteins Bound to HBGA-Like Molecules in Romaine Lettuce.Frontiers in microbiology · 2017Article
- Thermal Inactivation of Enteric Viruses and Bioaccumulation of Enteric Foodborne Viruses in Live Oysters (Crassostrea virginica).Applied and environmental microbiology · 2016Article
- Survival and Transfer of Murine Norovirus within a Hydroponic System during Kale and Mustard Microgreen Harvesting.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2016Article
- Abiotic Stress and Phyllosphere Bacteria Influence the Survival of Human Norovirus and Its Surrogates on Preharvest Leafy Greens.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2016Article
- Feline Calicivirus, Murine Norovirus, Porcine Sapovirus, and Tulane Virus Survival on Postharvest Lettuce.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Fresh produce is a major vehicle for the transmission of human norovirus (NoV) because it is easily contaminated during both pre- and postharvest stages. However, the ecology of human NoV in fresh produce is poorly understood. In this study, we determined whether human NoV and its surrogates can be internalized via roots and disseminated to edible portions of the plant. The roots of romaine lettuce growing in hydroponic feed water were inoculated with 1 × 10(6) RNA copies/ml of a human NoV genogroup II genotype 4 (GII.4) strain or 1 × 10(6) to 2 × 10(6) PFU/ml of animal caliciviruses (Tulane virus [TV] and murine norovirus [MNV-1]), and plants were allowed to grow for 2 weeks. Leaves, shoots, and roots were homogenized, and viral titers and/or RNA copies were determined by plaque assay and/or real-time reverse transcription (RT)-PCR. For human NoV, high levels of viral-genome RNA (10(5) to 10(6) RNA copies/g) were detected in leaves, shoots, and roots at day 1 postinoculation and remained stable over the 14-day study period. For MNV-1 and TV, relatively low levels of infectious virus particles (10(1) to 10(3) PFU/g) were detected in leaves and shoots at days 1 and 2 postinoculation, but virus reached a peak titer (10(5) to 10(6) PFU/g) at day 3 or 7 postinoculation. In addition, human NoV had a rate of internalization comparable with that of TV as determined by real-time RT-PCR, whereas TV was more efficiently internalized than MNV-1 as determined by plaque assay. Taken together, these results demonstrated that human NoV and animal caliciviruses became internalized via roots and efficiently disseminated to the shoots and leaves of the lettuce.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.