Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22728528›Full record

ReviewNature reviews. Immunology2012

Immunoglobulin class-switch DNA recombination: induction, targeting and beyond.

Zhenming Xu, Hong Zan, Egest J Pone, Thach Mai, Paolo Casali

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Nature reviews. Immunology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 260 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
260citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
14.9field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

260 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 438 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Mucosal immune response in biology, disease prevention and treatment.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2025
    Pooled it
  2. Review
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  12. The Squalene Oil-in-Water Nanoemulsion Vaccine Carrier AddaVax Potentiates TLR-Induced B-Cell Responses.Cytometry. Part A : the journal of the International Society for Analytical Cytology · 2026
    Article
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  14. Review
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200 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Zhenming XuInstitute for Immunology and Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-4120, USA.
Hong Zan
Egest J Pone
Thach Mai
Paolo Casali
University of California, Irvine · US

Funding

Univ.of Calif., Irvine Cancer Center Support GrantP30CA062203 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI Christine Hui · 1994 to 2026
$57.9M
CARCINOGENESIST32CA009054 · NCI · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI EDINGER, AIMEE L, FRUMAN, DAVID ALEXANDER · 1985 to 2025
$8.6M
Somatic hypermutation and class switching in autoimmunityR01AI079705 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCIENCE CENTER · PI CASALI, PAOLO · 2010 to 2019
$4.1M
Immunoglobulin class switch DNA recombinationR01AI045011 · NIAID · WEILL MEDICAL COLLEGE OF CORNELL UNIV · PI CASALI, PAOLO · 2000 to 2011
$3.8M
Immunology Research Training ProgramT32AI060573 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI PEARLMAN, ERIC · 2005 to 2020
$1.9M
Immunoglobulin class switch DNA recombinationR56AI045011 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI CASALI, PAOLO · 2012 to 2012
$523k
Molecular mechanisms in the generation of autoantibodies and lupusR56AI079705 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE · PI CASALI, PAOLO · 2008 to 2008
$381k
NCI NIH HHS P30 CA062203NCI NIH HHS T32 CA 009054NCI NIH HHS T32 CA009054NIAID NIH HHS AI 045011NIAID NIH HHS AI 060573NIAID NIH HHS AI 079705NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI045011NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI079705NIAID NIH HHS R56 AI045011NIAID NIH HHS R56 AI079705NIAID NIH HHS T32 AI060573
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Class-switch DNA recombination (CSR) of the immunoglobulin heavy chain (IGH) locus is central to the maturation of the antibody response and crucially requires the cytidine deaminase AID. CSR involves changes in the chromatin state and the transcriptional activation of the IGH locus at the upstream and downstream switch (S) regions that are to undergo S-S DNA recombination. In addition, CSR involves the induction of AID expression and the targeting of CSR factors to S regions by 14-3-3 adaptors, and it is facilitated by the transcription machinery and by histone modifications. In this Review, we focus on recent advances regarding the induction and targeting of CSR and outline an integrated model of the assembly of macromolecular complexes that transduce crucial epigenetic information to enzymatic effectors of the CSR machinery.

Indexed as

14-3-3 ProteinsAICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase)AnimalsCytidine DeaminaseDNA Breaks, Double-StrandedEpigenesis, GeneticHumansImmunoglobulin Class SwitchingMiceModels, GeneticModels, ImmunologicalRecombination, Genetic14-3-3 ProteinsAICDA (Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase)Cytidine Deaminase

Identifiers

PMID22728528
PMCPMC3545482
OpenAlexW2086928171

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.