ArticlePsychoneuroendocrinology2013
Long lasting effects of smoking: breast cancer survivors' inflammatory responses to acute stress differ by smoking history.
Article in Psychoneuroendocrinology, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 14 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- The effects of acute psychological stress on circulating and stimulated inflammatory markers: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Brain, behavior, and immunity · 2017Pooled it
- Systematic review of the multidimensional fatigue symptom inventory-short form.Supportive care in cancer : official journal of the Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer · 2015Pooled it
- Trial
- Modifiable and Nonmodifiable Risk Factors for Breast Cancer: A Comprehensive Scoping Review.International journal of breast cancer · 2026Review
- Risk Factors for Treatment Toxicity and High Side Effect Burden Among Breast Cancer Survivors: A Retrospective Chart Review.Cancers · 2025Article
- Writing tips for psychoneuroimmunology trainees: Lessons learned from Dr. Kiecolt-Glaser.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2024Article
- Turning stress into success: A festschrift in honor of Janice Kiecolt-Glaser.Comprehensive psychoneuroendocrinology · 2024Article
- Smoking Cessation after Cancer Diagnosis and Enhanced Therapy Response: Mechanisms and Significance.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022Review
- Association between Cigarette Smoking and Physical Fitness Level of Korean Adults and the Elderly.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
- Tumor resection ameliorates tumor-induced suppression of neuroinflammatory and behavioral responses to an immune challenge in a cancer survivor model.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- The plasma interleukin-6 response to acute psychosocial stress in humans is detected by a magnetic multiplex assay: comparison to high-sensitivity ELISA.Stress (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2018Article
- Stressful life events, relationship stressors, and cortisol reactivity: The moderating role of suppression.Psychoneuroendocrinology · 2018Article
- Inflammation: depression fans the flames and feasts on the heat.The American journal of psychiatry · 2015Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cigarette smoking continues to be the most preventable cause of illness and death and has been linked to the development and prognosis of cancer. Current smokers have higher levels of inflammation than nonsmokers, and inflammation can remain elevated in former smokers even years following cessation. Inflammation can also be enhanced by stress. This study examined cortisol and inflammatory responses to a laboratory stressor in breast cancer survivors who formerly smoked compared to their counterparts who had never smoked. Participants included 89 women (age=51.6±8.9 years) who had completed treatment for stage 0-IIIA breast cancer within the past three years and were at least two months post surgery, radiation or chemotherapy, whichever occurred last. Cortisol and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were evaluated in response to a standardized laboratory speech and mental arithmetic stressor. Former (n=25) and never (n=64) smokers did not differ by cancer stage, cancer treatment, comorbidities, time since cancer treatment, depression, or stress. Despite having similar cortisol responses to the stressor, former smokers had exaggerated IL-6 responses two hours post-stressor compared to never smokers. This effect persisted after controlling for age, BMI, time since treatment, education, and antidepressant use. An exaggerated and prolonged inflammatory response to stress could be one mechanism underlying the persistent inflammation observed in former smokers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.