ArticleAtherosclerosis2012
Clinical correlates and heritability of erythrocyte eicosapentaenoic and docosahexaenoic acid content in the Framingham Heart Study.
Article in Atherosclerosis, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 67 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
67 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 144 citations in OpenAlex.
- Non-dietary factors associated with n-3 long-chain PUFA levels in humans - a systematic literature review.The British journal of nutrition · 2019Pooled it
- Meta-Analysis of Long-Chain Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (LCω-3PUFA) and Prostate Cancer.Nutrition and cancer · 2015Pooled it
- Effects of menopausal hormone therapy on erythrocyte n-3 and n-6 PUFA concentrations in the Women's Health Initiative randomized trial.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Trial
- Aspirin and omega-3 fatty acid status interact in the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in Framingham Heart Study.Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids · 2021Trial
- Maternal Pre-Pregnancy Obesity Attenuates Response to Omega-3 Fatty Acids Supplementation During Pregnancy.Nutrients · 2018Trial
- Predictors of change in omega-3 index with fish oil supplementation in peripheral artery disease.The Journal of surgical research · 2017Trial
- Effect of Omega-3 Acid Ethyl Esters on Left Ventricular Remodeling After Acute Myocardial Infarction: The OMEGA-REMODEL Randomized Clinical Trial.Circulation · 2016Trial
- Compared with daily, weekly n-3 PUFA intake affects the incorporation of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic acid into platelets and mononuclear cells in humans.The Journal of nutrition · 2014Trial
- Higher RBC EPA + DHA corresponds with larger total brain and hippocampal volumes: WHIMS-MRI study.Neurology · 2014Trial
- Determinants of erythrocyte omega-3 fatty acid content in response to fish oil supplementation: a dose-response randomized controlled trial.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2013Trial
- Immunometabolic blood biomarkers of developmental trajectories of depressive symptoms: findings from the ALSPAC birth cohort.Molecular psychiatry · 2026Article
- Article
- Plasma levels of EPA and DHA after ingestion of a single dose of EPA and DHA ethyl esters.Lipids · 2025Article
- Fatty Acid Intake and Polyunsaturated Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Risk of Total Knee or Hip Arthroplasty Among Older Women in the Women's Health Initiative.Arthritis care & research · 2024Article
- Estimation and predictors of the Omega-3 Index in the UK Biobank.The British journal of nutrition · 2023Article
- Genome-wide association study of Red Blood Cell fatty acids in the Women's Health Initiative Memory Study.Prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and essential fatty acids · 2023Article
- Nutritional factors associated with aggression.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2023Review
- The influence of dietary and supplemental omega-3 fatty acids on the omega-3 index: A scoping review.Frontiers in nutrition · 2023Article
- Assessing Omega-3 Intake in Sport: the Brief Food Frequency Questionnaire and the Omega-3 Index in Collegiate Women Soccer Players.Journal of athletic training · 2022Article
- Association between Omega-3 Index and Hyperglycemia Depending on Body Mass Index among Adults in the United States.Nutrients · 2022Article
7 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesRed blood cell (RBC) levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) plus docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, the omega-3 index, expressed as a percent of total fatty acids) are inversely related to risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). Although several mechanisms underlying this relationship have been proposed, understanding the associations between the omega-3 index and markers of CVD in the community can shed additional light on this question. The objectives of this study were to define the relations between the omega-3 index and clinical factors and to determine the heritability of the omega-3 index.
methodsRBC samples (n = 3196) drawn between 2005 and 2008 from participants in the Framingham Study [Examination 8 of the Offspring cohort plus Examination 3 of the Omni (minorities) cohort] were analyzed for fatty acid composition by gas chromatography.
resultsThe mean (SD) omega-3 index was 5.6% (1.7%). In multivariable regression models, the factors significantly and directly associated with the omega-3 index were age, female sex, higher education, fish oil supplementation, dietary intake of EPA + DHA, aspirin use, lipid pharmacotherapy, and LDL-cholesterol. Factors inversely associated were Offspring cohort, heart rate, waist girth, triglycerides and smoking. The total explained variability in the omega-3 index for the fully adjusted model was 73%, which included major components due to heritability (24%), EPA + DHA intake (25%), and fish oil supplementation (15%).
conclusionThe variability in the omega-3 index is determined primarily by dietary and genetic factors. An increased omega-3 index is associated with a generally cardioprotective risk factor milieu.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.