ArticleThe Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism2012
Do changes in sex steroid hormones precede or follow increases in body weight during the menopause transition? Results from the Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.
Article in The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
40 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 73 citations in OpenAlex.
- Endogenous sex hormones, metabolic syndrome, and diabetes in men and women.Current cardiology reports · 2014Pooled it
- Associations between menopause and body image: A systematic review.Women's health (London, England)Pooled it
- Changes in Visceral Adiposity, Subcutaneous Adiposity, and Sex Hormones in the Diabetes Prevention Program.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2017Trial
- Weight loss increases follicle stimulating hormone in overweight postmenopausal women [corrected].Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2015Trial
- Sex steroid levels and response to weight loss interventions among postmenopausal women in the diabetes prevention program.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2014Trial
- Sex hormone binding globulin and sex steroids among premenopausal women in the diabetes prevention program.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2013Trial
- Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin and Metabolic Syndrome in Children and Adolescents: A Focus on Puberty.Metabolites · 2025Review
- Effect of time-restricted eating on sex hormone levels in premenopausal and postmenopausal females.Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.) · 2023Article
- Exposure to heavy metals and hormone levels in midlife women: The Study of Women's Health Across the Nation (SWAN).Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2023Article
- Hypothalamic NPY-Y1R Interacts with Gonadal Hormones in Protecting Female Mice against Obesity and Neuroinflammation.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Premature menopause and autoimmune primary ovarian insufficiency in two international multi-center cohorts.Endocrine connections · 2022Article
- A Longitudinal Retrospective Observational Study on Obesity Indicators and the Risk of Impaired Fasting Glucose in Pre- and Postmenopausal Women.Journal of clinical medicine · 2022Article
- Relationship Between Age at Menopause, Obesity, and Incident Heart Failure: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2022Article
- A global assessment of recent trends in gastrointestinal cancer and lifestyle-associated risk factors.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2021Article
- Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances and Hormone Levels During the Menopausal Transition.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2021Article
- Article
- Racial differences in body composition and cardiometabolic risk during the menopause transition: a prospective, observational cohort study.American journal of obstetrics and gynecology · 2020Observational
- Menopause-Associated Lipid Metabolic Disorders and Foods Beneficial for Postmenopausal Women.Nutrients · 2020Review
- Roles of follicle stimulating hormone and its receptor in human metabolic diseases and cancer.American journal of translational research · 2020Review
- Body mass index and age at natural menopause: an international pooled analysis of 11 prospective studies.European journal of epidemiology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 7 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
contextWhether menopause-related changes in sex steroids account for midlife weight gain in women or whether weight drives changes in sex steroids remains unanswered.
objectiveThe objective of the study was to characterize the potential reciprocal nature of the associations between sex hormones and their binding protein with waist circumference in midlife women. DESIGN, SETTING, AND
participantsThe study included 1528 women (mean age 46 yr) with 9 yr of follow-up across the menopause transition from the observational Study of Women's Health Across the Nation.
main outcome measuresWaist circumference, SHBG, testosterone, FSH, and estradiol were measured.
resultsCurrent waist circumference predicted future SHBG, testosterone, and FSH but not vice versa. For each SD higher current waist circumference, at the subsequent visit SHBG was lower by 0.04-0.15 SD, testosterone was higher by 0.08-0.13 SD, and log(2) FSH was lower by 0.15-0.26 SD. Estradiol results were distinct from those above, changing direction across the menopause transition. Estradiol and waist circumference were negatively associated in early menopausal transition stages and positively associated in later transition stages (for each SD higher current waist circumference, future estradiol was lower by 0.15 SD in pre- and early perimenopause and higher by 0.38 SD in late peri- and postmenopause; P for interaction <0.001). In addition, they appeared to be reciprocal, with current waist circumference associated with future estradiol and current estradiol associated with future waist circumference. However, associations in the direction of current waist circumference predicting future estradiol levels were of considerably larger magnitude than the reverse.
conclusionsThese Study of Women's Health Across the Nation data suggest that the predominant temporal sequence is that weight gain leads to changes in sex steroids rather than vice versa.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.