ReviewJournal of the Royal Society of Medicine2012
Do cervical cancer data justify HPV vaccination in India? Epidemiological data sources and comprehensiveness.
Review in Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Are the Two Human Papillomavirus Vaccines Really Similar? A Systematic Review of Available Evidence: Efficacy of the Two Vaccines against HPV.Journal of immunology research · 2015Pooled it
- Awareness, perceptions, and choices of physicians pertaining to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in India: A formative research study.Vaccine: X · 2022Article
- Review
- Cervical cancer in low and middle-income countries.Oncology letters · 2020Review
- Human papilloma virus vaccine for low and middle income countries: A step too soon?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2017Article
- Prevalence of Human Papilloma Virus Infection in Young Primiparous Women During Postpartum Period: Study from a Tertiary Care Center in Northern India.Journal of clinical and diagnostic research : JCDR · 2016Article
- Article
- HPV Vaccination in India: Critical Appraisal.ISRN obstetrics and gynecology · 2014Review
- "If It's Not Working, Why Would They Be Testing It?": mental models of HIV vaccine trials and preventive misconception among men who have sex with men in India.BMC public health · 2013Article
- Advancing cervical cancer prevention in India: implementation science priorities.The oncologist · 2013Review
- Ethics at crossroads: Global guidelines vs. local laws.Perspectives in clinical research · 2013Article
- Evidence for health policy in India: do we have enough data?Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · 2012Article
- Author's response: HPV vaccination in India.Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · 2012Article
- Should the ideal be the enemy of the good?Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · 2012Article
- Do cervical cancer data justify human papillomavirus vaccination in India? epidemiological data sources and comprehensiveness.Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · 2012Article
- 21st Century tablet.Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine · 2012Article
- Awareness and knowledge of cervical cancer and its prevention among the nursing staff of a tertiary health institute in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India.Ecancermedicalscience · 2012Article
- Assessing unmet medical need in India: A regulatory riddle?Perspectives in clinical researchArticle
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The Indian government suspended research in April 2010 on the feasibility and safety of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine in two Indian states (Andhra Pradesh and Gujarat) amid public concerns about its safety. This paper describes cervical cancer and cancer surveillance in India and reviews the epidemiological claims made by the Programme for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH) in support of the vaccine in these two states. National cancer data published by the Indian National Cancer Registry Programme of state registry returns and the International Agency for Research on Cancer cover around seven percent of the population with underrepresentation of rural, northern, eastern and north-eastern areas. There is no cancer registry in the state of Andhra Pradesh and PATH does not cite data from the Gujarat cancer registries. Age-adjusted cervical cancer mortality and incidence rates vary widely across and within states. National trends in age standardized cervical cancer incidence fell from 42.3 to 22.3 per 100,000 between 1982/1983 and 2004/2005 respectively. Incidence studies report low incidence and mortality rates in Gujarat and Andhra Pradesh. Although HPV prevalence is higher in cancer patients (93.3%) than healthy patients (7.0%) and HPV types 16 and 18 are most prevalent in cancer patients, population prevelance data are poor and studies highly variable in their findings. Current data on HPV type and cervical cancer incidence do not support PATH's claim that India has a large burden of cervical cancer or its decision to roll out the vaccine programme. In the absence of comprehensive cancer surveillance, World Health Organization criteria with respect to monitoring effectiveness of the vaccine and knowledge of disease trends cannot be fulfilled.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.