ArticleOncoimmunology2012
Regulatory T cells in the bone marrow microenvironment in patients with prostate cancer.
Article in Oncoimmunology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 145 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Consumption of soy isoflavone enriched bread in men with prostate cancer is associated with reduced proinflammatory cytokines and immunosuppressive cells.Cancer prevention research (Philadelphia, Pa.) · 2015Trial
- Human Group IIA Secreted Phospholipase AInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Breaking the immune "cold niche" in bone metastasis: core mechanisms of the multidimensional interwoven regulatory network and precision breakthrough strategies.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Cytokine Networks Reprogramming the Osteo-Immune Microenvironment in Cancer Bone Metastasis.Calcified tissue international · 2026Review
- ASCL2-mediated macrophage-myofibroblast transition generates immunosuppressive CAF_7 in NSCLC bone metastases.Journal of experimental & clinical cancer research : CR · 2026Article
- Review
- Review
- Colorectal Cancer Progression and Bone Metastasis: Molecular Mechanisms, Tumor Microenvironment, and Tumor-Bone Crosstalk.Cancer management and research · 2026Review
- Analysis of the heterogeneity of the immune microenvironment of bone metastases and new strategies of nanotechnology intervention.Oncology reviews · 2026Review
- Interactions between the gut microbiota and immune cell dynamics: novel insights into the gut-bone axis.Gut microbes · 2025Review
- Review
- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor as a drug target in advanced prostate cancer therapy - obstacles and perspectives.Transcription · 2025Review
- Application value of bone metabolism and immune cell indicators in screening for tumor bone metastasis: a retrospective study.American journal of cancer research · 2025Article
- Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Outperform Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Bone-Predominant Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: A Multicenter Real-World Analysis.Journal of Cancer · 2025Article
- Diverse PD-1, CD163, and FOXP3 Profiles in Primary and Metastatic Microenvironments of Prostate Cancer.Oncology research · 2025Article
- The role and mechanisms of exosome microRNA in regulating metastasis within the tumor microenvironment of prostate cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- WGCNA-ML-MR integration: uncovering immune-related genes in prostate cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Article
- Prostate Cancer Bone Metastasis: Molecular Mechanisms of Tumor and Bone Microenvironment.Cancer management and research · 2025Review
- Effect of colony‑stimulating factor in the mechanism of bone metastasis development (Review).Oncology reports · 2024Review
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors at 5 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Human prostate cancer frequently metastasizes to bone marrow. What defines the cellular and molecular predilection for prostate cancer to metastasize to bone marrow is not well understood. CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (Treg) cells contribute to self-tolerance and tumor immune pathology. We now show that functional Treg cells are increased in the bone marrow microenvironment in prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis, and that CXCR4/CXCL12 signaling pathway contributes to Treg cell bone marrow trafficking. Treg cells exhibit active cell cycling in the bone marrow, and bone marrow dendritic cells express high levels of receptor activator of NFκB (RANK), and promote Treg cell expansion through RANK and its ligand (RANKL) signals. Furthermore, Treg cells suppress osteoclast differentiation induced by activated T cells and M-CSF, adoptive transferred Treg cells migrate to bone marrow, and increase bone mineral intensity in the xenograft mouse models with human prostate cancer bone marrow inoculation. In vivo Treg cell depletion results in reduced bone density in tumor bearing mice. The data indicates that bone marrow Treg cells may form an immunosuppressive niche to facilitate cancer bone metastasis and contribute to bone deposition, the major bone pathology in prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis. These findings mechanistically explain why Treg cells accumulate in the bone marrow, and demonstrate a previously unappreciated role for Treg cells in patients with prostate cancer. Thus, targeting Treg cells may not only improve anti-tumor immunity, but also ameliorate bone pathology in prostate cancer patients with bone metastasis.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.