ArticlePloS one2012
The duration of antigen-stimulation significantly alters the diversity of multifunctional CD4 T cells measured by intracellular cytokine staining.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed, 25 citations in OpenAlex.
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- A self-assembled, genetically engineered, irradiated tumor cell debris vaccine.Exploration (Beijing, China) · 2024Article
- Poly(I:C) and R848 ligands show better adjuvanticity to induce B and T cell responses against the antigen(s).Heliyon · 2024Article
- Technical pitfalls when collecting, cryopreserving, thawing, and stimulating human T-cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
- Enhancing cell-mediated immunity through dendritic cell activation: the role of Tri-GalNAc-modified PLGA-PEG nanoparticles encapsulating SR717.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- A whole blood intracellular cytokine assay optimised for field site studies demonstrates polyfunctionality of CD4+ T cells in acute scrub typhus.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- Tuberculosis Treatment Response Monitoring by the Phenotypic Characterization ofPathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A Mutated Prostatic Acid Phosphatase (PAP) Peptide-Based Vaccine Induces PAP-Specific CD8Cancers · 2022Article
- Functional and metabolic fitness of human CD4Life science alliance · 2021Article
- Adhering to adhesion: assessing integrin conformation to monitor T cells.Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII · 2019Review
- Combination of immune checkpoint blockade with DNA cancer vaccine induces potent antitumor immunity against P815 mastocytoma.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Novel Whole-Cell InactivatedVaccines · 2018Article
- ALT-803 Transiently Reduces Simian Immunodeficiency Virus Replication in the Absence of Antiretroviral Treatment.Journal of virology · 2018Article
- Mycobacterium bovis BCG Vaccination Induces Divergent Proinflammatory or Regulatory T Cell Responses in Adults.Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The assessment of antigen-specific T cell responses by intracellular cytokine staining (ICS) has become a routine technique in studies of vaccination and immunity. Here, we highlight how the duration of in vitro antigen pre-stimulation, combined with the cytokine accumulation period, are critical parameters of these methods. The effect of varying these parameters upon the diversity and frequency of multifunctional CD4 T cell subsets has been investigated using a murine model of TB vaccination and in cattle naturally infected with Mycobacterium bovis. We demonstrate a substantial influence of the duration of the antigen pre-stimulation period on the repertoire of the antigen-specific CD4 T cell responses. Increasing pre-stimulation from 2 to 6 hours amplified the diversity of the seven potential multifunctional CD4 T cell subsets that secreted any combination of IFN-γ, IL-2 and TNF-α. However, increasing pre-stimulation from 6 to 16 hours markedly altered the multifunctional CD4 T cell repertoire to a dominant IFN-γ(+) only response. This was observed in both murine and cattle models.Whilst these data are of particular relevance to the measurement of vaccine and infection induced immunity in TB, more generally, they demonstrate the importance of the empirical determination of the optimum duration of the individual culture steps of ICS assays for any model. We highlight the potential significance of variations in these parameters, particularly when comparing data between studies and/or models including clinical trials.
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