ArticlePloS one2012
HbA1C and cancer risk in patients with type 2 diabetes--a nationwide population-based prospective cohort study in Sweden.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A large-scale, observational study to investigate the current status of diabetes complication and their prevention in Japan: incidence/risk factors for malignancies during follow-up-JDCP study 11 (English version).Diabetology international · 2024Guideline
- Report of the Japan Diabetes Society (JDS)/Japanese Cancer Association (JCA) Joint Committee on Diabetes and Cancer, Second Report.Diabetology international · 2016Guideline
- Does cancer risk increase with HbA1c, independent of diabetes?British journal of cancer · 2014Pooled it
- Diabetes and cancer: glucose control impact on survival and tumor outcomes.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2026Review
- Chemoprevention of Colorectal Cancer-With Emphasis on Low-Dose Aspirin and Anticoagulants.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- The hidden impact: social isolation and inflammation's role in pancreatic cancer risk among those with diabetes.BMC cancer · 2025Article
- Association between glycemic control and hepatocellular carcinoma risk in people with type 2 diabetes, stratified by chronic hepatitis B or C infection.Therapeutic advances in gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Diabetes, Antidiabetic Medications and Cancer Risk in Type 2 Diabetes: Focus on SGLT-2 Inhibitors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Risk of 16 cancers across the full glycemic spectrum: a population-based cohort study using the UK Biobank.BMJ open diabetes research & care · 2020Article
- Review
- Malignancy incidences by glycemic control among diabetic patients.Endocrine connections · 2018Article
- Risk factors for cancer development in type 2 diabetes: A retrospective case-control study.BMC cancer · 2016Article
- Report of the Japan diabetes society/Japanese cancer association joint committee on diabetes and cancer, Second report.Cancer science · 2016Review
- Article
- Simple sugar intake and hepatocellular carcinoma: epidemiological and mechanistic insight.Nutrients · 2014Review
- Specific metabolic biomarkers as risk and prognostic factors in colorectal cancer.World journal of gastroenterology · 2014Review
- Incidence of bladder cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes treated with metformin or sulfonylureas.Diabetes care · 2014Article
- Article
- [Metabolic syndrome and prostate cancer].Der Urologe. Ausg. A · 2013Review
- Fasting blood glucose and long-term prognosis of non-metastatic breast cancer: a cohort study.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2013Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDiabetes is associated with increased cancer risk. The underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Hyperglycemia might be one risk factor. HbA1c is an indicator of the blood glucose level over the latest 1 to 3 months. This study aimed to investigate association between HbA1c level and cancer risks in patients with type 2 diabetes based on real life situations.
methodsThis is a cohort study on 25,476 patients with type 2 diabetes registered in the Swedish National Diabetes Register from 1997-1999 and followed until 2009. Follow-up for cancer was accomplished through register linkage. We calculated incidences of and hazard ratios (HR) for cancer in groups categorized by HbA1c ≤ 58 mmol/mol (7.5%) versus >58 mmol/mol, by quartiles of HbA1c, and by HbA1c continuously at Cox regression, with covariance adjustment for age, sex, diabetes duration, smoking and insulin treatment, or adjusting with a propensity score.
resultsComparing HbA1c >58 mmol/mol with ≤ 58 mmol/mol, adjusted HR for all cancer was 1.02 [95% CI 0.95-1.10] using baseline HbA1c, and 1.04 [95% CI 0.97-1.12] using updated mean HbA1c, and HRs were all non-significant for specific cancers of gastrointestinal, kidney and urinary organs, respiratory organs, female genital organs, breast or prostate. Similarly, no increased risks of all cancer or the specific types of cancer were found with higher quartiles of baseline or updated mean HbA1c, compared to the lowest quartile. HR for all cancer was 1.01 [0.98-1.04] per 1%-unit increase in HbA1c used as a continuous variable, with non-significant HRs also for the specific types of cancer per unit increase in HbA1c.
conclusionsIn this study there were no associations between HbA1c and risks for all cancers or specific types of cancer in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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