ArticleClinical and vaccine immunology : CVI2012
Risk factors associated with indeterminate gamma interferon responses in the assessment of latent tuberculosis infection in a high-incidence environment.
Article in Clinical and vaccine immunology : CVI, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 31 citations in OpenAlex.
- Risk Factors for Indeterminate Interferon-Gamma Release Assay for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Children-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2019Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Interferon-Gamma Release Assays Versus Tuberculin Skin Test for Active Tuberculosis Diagnosis: A Systematic Review and Diagnostic Meta-Analysis.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Diagnostic accuracy study of STANDARD TB-Feron FIA and STANDARD TB-Feron ELISA tests for tuberculosis infection diagnosis in Eastern European setting.Journal of clinical tuberculosis and other mycobacterial diseases · 2025Article
- Standard E TB-Feron ELISA and Standard F TB-Feron FIA positivity rates and agreement with QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus among TB high-risk population in Bandung, Indonesia.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2025Article
- Interferon-gamma release assay for screening of tuberculosis infection in children.BMC infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Prevalence and predictors of tuberculosis infection among people living with HIV in a high tuberculosis burden context.BMJ open respiratory research · 2023Article
- Integrating interferon-gamma release assay testing into provision of tuberculosis preventive therapy is feasible in a tuberculosis high burden resource-limited setting: A mixed methods study.PLOS global public health · 2022Article
- Frequency and Factors of Indeterminate QuantiFERON-TB Gold In-Tube and QuantiFERON-TB Gold PLUS Test Results in Rheumatic Diseases.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- IGRA testing in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: which factors influence the results?Rheumatology international · 2018Article
- Microphysiologic Human Tissue Constructs Reproduce Autologous Age-Specific BCG and HBV Primary ImmunizationFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
- Effects of acute critical illnesses on the performance of interferon-gamma release assay.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Analysis of predictors influencing indeterminate whole-blood interferon-gamma release assay results in patients with rheumatic diseases.Rheumatology international · 2014Observational
- Impact of co-infections and BCG immunisation on immune responses among household contacts of tuberculosis patients in a Ugandan cohort.PloS one · 2014Article
- Poor agreement between interferon-gamma release assays and the tuberculin skin test among HIV-infected individuals in the country of Georgia.BMC infectious diseases · 2013Article
- Smoking, BCG and employment and the risk of tuberculosis infection in HIV-infected persons in South Africa.PloS one · 2012Article
- Latent tuberculosis screening tests and active tuberculosis infection rates in Turkish inflammatory bowel disease patients under anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy.Annals of gastroenterologyArticle
- Frequency of indeterminate results from an interferon-gamma release assay among HIV-infected individuals.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e TisilogiaArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 4 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The performance of gamma interferon (IFN-γ) release assays (IGRA) in the detection of latent tuberculosis (TB) infection is limited by the higher rates of indeterminate results in HIV-infected persons, who bear the brunt of TB disease in some high-burden settings. The objective of the study was to evaluate predictors of indeterminate IGRA results in the overall study population and in HIV-infected persons. The study setting is Khayelitsha, an informal township in the Western Cape of South Africa, with a high burden of TB and HIV infection. A total of 561 asymptomatic persons were recruited from the day hospital and youth centers. A questionnaire was used to collect demographic information, and blood tests, including CD4 counting and a 7-day in-house IGRA, were performed. The overall prevalence of indeterminate IGRA results was 8.6% (48/561), and this was higher in HIV-infected than in HIV-uninfected persons (11.5% [38/330] versus 4.3% [10/231], respectively; P = 0.003). In the overall study population, predictors of indeterminate IGRA results were the presence of HIV infection (odds ratio [OR], 2.36; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10 to 5.08) and the presence of a Mycobacterium bovis BCG scar (OR, 2.48; 95% CI, 1.23 to 5.01). Long-term township residents were significantly less likely to have indeterminate results than recent migrants (OR, 0.30; 95% CI, 0.11 to 0.80). Among HIV-infected persons, participants with CD4 counts of >200 cells/mm(3) and long-term residents were significantly less likely to have indeterminate IGRA results (OR of 0.21 with a 95% CI of 0.09 to 0.48 and OR of 0.22 with a 95% CI of 0.07 to 0.68, respectively). We evaluated risk factors for indeterminate IGRA results and report a higher rate of indeterminate results among HIV-infected persons, particularly those with lower CD4 counts. Of note, a recent move to the township was associated with a higher risk of indeterminate IGRA results.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.