ArticleJournal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)2012
Biochemical and biologic characterization of exosomes and microvesicles as facilitators of HIV-1 infection in macrophages.
Article in Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 151 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
151 citing papers in PubMed.
- SHIV.D Infection Alters Production and Protein Composition of Myeloid-Derived Extracellular Vesicles.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Proteomic Characterization of HIV Infection.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2026Review
- Extracellular vesicles in viral disease management.Current research in microbial sciences · 2026Review
- NETosis-Like Response Triggered by Extracellular Vesicle (EV)-Delivered Viral Nucleic Acid, a Novel Cellular Immune Mechanism in Crustacean.Journal of extracellular vesicles · 2025Article
- Intercellular highways of viral spread: tunneling nanotubes and extracellular vesicles at the maternal-fetal interface.Current opinion in virology · 2025Review
- Virion aggregation shapes infection dynamics and evolutionary potential.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Round window membrane extracellular vesicles facilitate inner ear drug delivery.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2025Article
- Virion aggregation shapes infection dynamics and evolutionary potential.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Article
- Review
- Current trends in theranostic applications of extracellular vesicles in cancer.Frontiers in oncology · 2025Review
- Exosome-mediated viral nucleic acid presentation in a crustacean expounds innate immunity from a novel perspective.Journal of virology · 2024Article
- A State-of-the-Art Review on the Recent Advances in Exosomes in Oncogenic Virus.Health science reports · 2024Article
- Quantitative proteomics reveals differential extracellular vesicle cargo from M1 and M2 monocyte-derived human macrophages.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Mechanisms underlying sex differences in autoimmunity.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Review
- Extracellular vesicles and endothelial dysfunction in infectious diseases.Journal of extracellular biology · 2024Review
- Dissemination of the Flavivirus Subgenomic Replicon Genome and Viral Proteins by Extracellular Vesicles.Viruses · 2024Article
- Exosome-mediated regulation of inflammatory pathway during respiratory viral disease.Virology journal · 2024Review
- The Role of Extracellular Vesicles in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Acute Kidney Injury: An Overview.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Applications of emerging extracellular vesicles technologies in the treatment of inflammatory diseases.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Review
91 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Exosomes and microvesicles (MV) are cell membranous sacs originating from multivesicular bodies and plasma membranes that facilitate long-distance intercellular communications. Their functional biology, however, remains incompletely understood. Macrophage exosomes and MV isolated by immunoaffinity and sucrose cushion centrifugation were characterized by morphologic, biochemical, and molecular assays. Lipidomic, proteomic, and cell biologic approaches uncovered novel processes by which exosomes and MV facilitate HIV-1 infection and dissemination. HIV-1 was "entrapped" in exosome aggregates. Robust HIV-1 replication followed infection with exosome-enhanced fractions isolated from infected cell supernatants. MV- and exosome-facilitated viral infections are affected by a range of cell surface receptors and adhesion proteins. HIV-1 containing exosomes readily completed its life cycle in human monocyte-derived macrophages but not in CD4(-) cells. The data support a significant role for exosomes as facilitators of viral infection.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.