ReviewBreast cancer (Tokyo, Japan)2012
Reproductive history and breast cancer risk.
Review in Breast cancer (Tokyo, Japan), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 51 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
51 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Does marital status correlate with the female breast cancer risk? A systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies.PloS one · 2020Pooled it
- Breastfeeding and breast cancer risk by receptor status--a systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of oncology : official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology · 2015Pooled it
- Association of cumulative lifetime estrogen exposure and reproductive factors with breast cancer molecular subtype among Nigerian women in the MEND study.Breast cancer research and treatment · 2026Article
- The effect of women's employment and education status and the role of health expenditures on breast cancer mortality.BMC public health · 2026Article
- Role of micronutrients, phytochemicals, and lipid metabolism in mammary gland development, lactation efficiency, and breast cancer risk.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Article
- Global, Regional, and National Burden of Breast Cancer in Adolescents and Young Adults Aged 15-39 Years From 1990 to 2021 Based on the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.Cancer innovation · 2025Article
- Global burden of female breast cancer: new estimates in 2022, temporal trend and future projections up to 2050 based on the latest release from GLOBOCAN.Journal of the National Cancer Center · 2025Article
- Predicting breast cancer risk and its association to biopsychosocial factors among Taiwanese women with a family history of breast cancer: an investigation based on the Gail model.BMC medical genomics · 2025Article
- Impact of V9302, a Competitive Antagonist of Transmembrane Glutamine Flux on Reversal of Resistance in Breast Cancer Cell Lines.Pharmaceutics · 2024Article
- A Narrative Review of Breastfeeding and Its Correlation With Breast Cancer: Current Understanding and Outcomes.Cureus · 2023Review
- The Contractile Response to Oxytocin in Non-pregnant Rat Uteri Is Modified After the First Pregnancy.Reproductive sciences (Thousand Oaks, Calif.) · 2023Article
- Reproductive factors and the risk of breast cancer among Nigerian women by age and oestrogen receptor status.Cancer causes & control : CCC · 2022Article
- Impact of Marital Status on Prognosis of Patients With Invasive Breast Cancer: A Population-Based Study Using SEER Database.Frontiers in oncology · 2022Article
- Global patterns of breast cancer incidence and mortality: A population-based cancer registry data analysis from 2000 to 2020.Cancer communications (London, England) · 2021Article
- Development and Pathology of the Equine Mammary Gland.Journal of mammary gland biology and neoplasia · 2021Review
- Women who breastfeed exhibit cognitive benefits after age 50.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2021Article
- Socio-Demographic Determinants of Mortality from Chronic Noncommunicable Diseases in Women of Reproductive Age in the Republic of Georgia: Evidence from the National Reproductive Age Mortality Study (2014).International journal of women's health · 2020Article
- Is Schizophrenia a Risk Factor for Breast Cancer?-Evidence From Genetic Data.Schizophrenia bulletin · 2019Article
- BC200 overexpression contributes to luminal and triple negative breast cancer pathogenesis.BMC cancer · 2019Article
- Sugar-sweetened beverage consumption and incidence of breast cancer: the Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra (SUN) Project.European journal of nutrition · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The fact that reproductive factors have significant influence on the risk of breast cancer is well known. Early age of first full-term birth is highly protective against late-onset breast cancers, but each pregnancy, including the first one, increases the risk of early-onset breast cancer. Estradiol and progesterone induce receptor activator of NF-kappa B ligand (RANKL) in estrogen receptor (ER)- and progesterone receptor (PgR)-positive luminal cells. RANKL then acts in a paracrine fashion on the membranous RANK of ER/PgR-negative epithelial stem cells of the breast. This reaction cascade is triggered by chorionic gonadotropin during the first trimester of pregnancy and results in the morphological and functional development of breast tissue. On the other hand, the administration of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in the early steps of weaning protects against tumor growth through reduction of the acute inflammatory reaction of post lactation remodeling of breast tissue. This is experimental evidence that may explain the short-term tumor-promoting effect of pregnancy. The protective effect of prolonged breast feeding may also be explained, at least in a part, by a reduced inflammatory reaction due to gradual weaning. Delay of first birth together with low parity and short duration of breast feeding are increasing social trends in developed countries. Therefore, breast cancer risk as a result of reproductive factors will not decrease in these countries in the foreseeable future. In this review, the significance of reproductive history with regard to the risk of breast cancers will be discussed, focusing on the age of first full-term birth and post lactation involution of the breast.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.