ArticleInfection and immunity2012
Macrophage autophagy in immunity to Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans.
Article in Infection and immunity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 68 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
68 citing papers in PubMed, 114 citations in OpenAlex.
- Intracellular pathogen manipulation of ER-phagy: direct receptor targeting and indirect pathway perturbation.Medical microbiology and immunology · 2026Review
- Vancomycin disrupts mitochondrial morphology and function and impairs macrophage fungal killing.mBio · 2026Article
- LC3-associated phagocytosis in macrophage responses to Paracoccidioides spp.Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz · 2026Article
- Evaluating the Antifungal Potential of Autophagy-Related Protein 4 (ATG4) Inhibitors against Human Fungal Pathogens.Journal of microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Article
- Manipulation of host phagocytosis by fungal pathogens and therapeutic opportunities.Nature microbiology · 2024Review
- Two Methods of Measuring Cryptococcus neoformans Fungal Burden in Macrophages.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- A Multi-Fluorophore Staining Scheme for Identification and Quantification of Vomocytosis.Chemical & biomedical imaging · 2023Article
- Differential Transcriptional Responses of Human Granulocytes to Fungal Infection withJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Fungal mechanisms of intracellular survival: what can we learn from bacterial pathogens?Infection and immunity · 2023Review
- Sporothrix globosa melanin regulates autophagy via the TLR2 signaling pathway in THP-1 macrophages.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2023Article
- A guide to membrane atg8ylation and autophagy with reflections on immunity.The Journal of cell biology · 2022Article
- FasterJournal of fungi (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A dynamically evolving war between autophagy and pathogenic microorganisms.Journal of Zhejiang University. Science. B · 2022Article
- Macrophage Mediated Immunomodulation DuringFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Review
- Autophagy and Skin Diseases.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2022Review
- Moments in autophagy and disease: Past and present.Molecular aspects of medicine · 2021Review
- Potential Therapeutic Approaches through Modulating the Autophagy Process for Skin Barrier Dysfunction.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Challenging Mimickers in the Diagnosis of Sarcoidosis: A Case Study.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Article
- Focusing on the Cell Type Specific Regulatory Actions of NLRX1.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
8 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Autophagy is used by eukaryotes in bulk cellular material recycling and in immunity to intracellular pathogens. We evaluated the role of macrophage autophagy in the response to Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans, two important opportunistic fungal pathogens. The autophagosome marker LC3 (microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 alpha) was present in most macrophage vacuoles containing C. albicans. In contrast, LC3 was found in only a few vacuoles containing C. neoformans previously opsonized with antibody but never after complement-mediated phagocytosis. Disruption of host autophagy in vitro by RNA interference against ATG5 (autophagy-related 5) decreased the phagocytosis of C. albicans and the fungistatic activity of J774.16 macrophage-like cells against both fungi, independent of the opsonin used. ATG5-knockout bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMMs) also had decreased fungistatic activity against C. neoformans when activated. In contrast, nonactivated ATG5-knockout BMMs actually restricted C. neoformans growth more efficiently, suggesting that macrophage autophagy plays different roles against C. neoformans, depending on the macrophage type and activation. Interference with autophagy in J774.16 cells also decreased nonlytic exocytosis of C. neoformans, increased interleukin-6 secretion, and decreased gamma interferon-induced protein 10 secretion. Mice with a conditionally knocked out ATG5 gene in myeloid cells showed increased susceptibility to intravenous C. albicans infection. In contrast, these mice manifested no increased susceptibility to C. neoformans, as measured by survival, but had fewer alternatively activated macrophages and less inflammation in the lungs after intratracheal infection than control mice. These results demonstrate the complex roles of macrophage autophagy in restricting intracellular parasitism by fungi and reveal connections with nonlytic exocytosis, humoral immunity, and cytokine signaling.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.