ReviewNature reviews. Neurology2012
Neuronal autoantigens--pathogenesis, associated disorders and antibody testing.
Review in Nature reviews. Neurology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 219 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
219 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 492 citations in OpenAlex.
- Severe Abdominal Pain as a Prominent Clinical Manifestation of Anti-DPPX Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Case Report and Systematic Review.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Pooled it
- [18F]FDG brain PET and clinical symptoms in different autoantibodies of autoimmune encephalitis: a systematic review.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2022Pooled it
- Unclassified Neuronal Antibodies in Suspected Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Report of Two Cases.Annals of African medicine · 2026Article
- Seronegative Morvan Syndrome Presenting With Agrypnia Excitata and Peripheral Nerve Hyperexcitability: A Phenotype-Supported Diagnostic and Therapeutic Approach in a Resource-Limited Setting.Clinical case reports · 2026Article
- Article
- AEGIS reveals epitope- and clone-resolved convergence of CNS B and T cell autoreactivity in ROHHAD.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- The Treatment of Antibody-Mediated Encephalitis: Current, Future Therapies, Unmet Need and Patient Management.Advances in therapy · 2026Review
- Epilepsy: Molecular Pathogenesis and Emerging Therapies.MedComm · 2026Review
- D-serine ameliorates cognitive deficits by preserving neuronal and synaptic function in experimental anti-NMDAR encephalitis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Article
- Longitudinal changes in [European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2026Article
- Anti-amphiphysin antibody positive autoimmune syndrome: case series and literature review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Biomarkers associated with blood-brain interface regulation and relationships to exercise and epilepsy: a brief review.Frontiers in rehabilitation sciences · 2026Review
- Neuroglial markers of damage in autoimmune neurology.Therapeutic advances in neurological disorders · 2026Review
- Antineuronal antibody titres in autoimmune encephalitis: clinical implications for diagnosis and long-term immunotherapy.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Hippocampal texture asymmetry features onFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Relapse predictors and brain atrophy in antibody-positive and antibody-negative autoimmune encephalitis: a multicenter cohort study.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Association of Neuronal Autoantibodies with Overall Survival in Patients with Gastric Cancer.Cancer research communications · 2025Article
- Article
- Comorbidities and Their Influence on Outcomes and Infectious Complications in Autoimmune Encephalitis: A Multicenter Cohort Study.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Diagnosis and Subtyping of Autoimmune Encephalitis Using an Attention-Based Multi-Instance Learning Model: A Multi-CenterCNS neuroscience & therapeutics · 2025Article
159 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The discovery of disorders that are associated with antibodies to neuronal cell-surface proteins has led to a paradigm shift in our understanding of CNS autoimmunity. These disorders can occur in patients with or without cancer-often children or young adults who develop psychosis, catatonic or autistic features, memory problems, abnormal movements, or seizures that were previously considered idiopathic. The autoantigens in such cases have crucial roles in synaptic transmission, plasticity and peripheral nerve excitability. Patients can be comatose or encephalopathic for months and yet fully recover with supportive care and immunotherapy. By contrast, disorders in which the antibodies target intracellular antigens, and in which T-cell-mediated irreversible neuronal degeneration occurs, show a considerably poorer response to treatment. In this article, we review the various targets of neuronal antibodies, focusing predominantly on autoantigens located on the cell surface or synapses-namely, N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid receptors, leucine-rich glioma-inactivated protein 1, contactin-associated protein-like 2, and metabotropic glutamate receptors. We also provide an algorithm to identify and assess antibodies that bind to cell-surface and synaptic antigens.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.