ArticleGastroenterology2012
Preserved T-cell function in children and young adults with immune-tolerant chronic hepatitis B.
Article in Gastroenterology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 141 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy of HBV Therapeutic Vaccine in Consolidation of Nucleos(t)Ide Analogues Therapy: a Pilot Study
A Multinational, Multicenter, Open-label, Randomized Controlled Trial to Investigate the Effectiveness of Tenofovir Alafenamide in Reducing Clinical Events in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients Beyond Treatment Indications by Current Guidelines
Who cites it
141 citing papers in PubMed, 317 citations in OpenAlex.
- PD-1 blockade partially recovers dysfunctional virus-specific B cells in chronic hepatitis B infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2018Trial
- Memory Regulatory T cells Increase Only In Inflammatory Phase of Chronic Hepatitis B Infection and Related to Galectin-9/Tim-3 interaction.Scientific reports · 2017Trial
- Genomic and transcriptomic features of HBV integration in treatment-naïve, HBeAg-positive children with chronic HBV infection.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Activation of the Jak2/Stat3 pathway by ROS-dependent signaling cascades initiates hepatitis B virus-induced hepatic inflammatory responses.Genes & diseases · 2026Article
- Review
- [Clinical significance and occurrence mechanism of hepatitis B virus DNA integration].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2026Review
- Pegylated Interferon-based Treatment Improves Response Rates in Immune-tolerant Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B: A Prospective Trial.Journal of clinical and translational hepatology · 2026Article
- [A real-world study of clinical cure in children with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B from the Guangxi region].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2026Article
- Younger age predicts increased HBsAg loss in children with chronic hepatitis B on antiviral therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Infectious diseases & immunity · 2026Article
- [Comparison of antiviral efficacy of nucleos(t)ide analogue monotherapy and its combination with interferon-α in children 1-6 years-old with HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B].Zhonghua gan zang bing za zhi = Zhonghua ganzangbing zazhi = Chinese journal of hepatology · 2026Article
- Hepatitis B virus RNA and hepatitis B surface antigen kinetics predict treatment outcomes in children with chronic hepatitis B.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Scientific and medical evidence informing expansion of hepatitis B treatment guidelines.The lancet. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2025Review
- Virological Insights from ARC-520 siRNA and Entecavir Treated Chronically HBV-Infected Patients and Chimpanzees.Microorganisms · 2025Article
- The Role of LAIR1 as a Regulatory Receptor of Antitumor Immune Cell Responses and Tumor Cell Growth and Expansion.Biomolecules · 2025Review
- Predictive value of HBeAg titer dynamics for HBsAg clearance in pediatric chronic hepatitis B.Frontiers in pediatrics · 2025Article
- The role of immune regulation in HBV infection and hepatocellular carcinogenesis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Article
- Lassa virus persistence with high viral titers following experimental infection in its natural reservoir host, Mastomys natalensis.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Toward a better understanding of chronic hepatitis B virus infection.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2024Article
- Expression patterns of immune checkpoint proteins andHealth science reports · 2024Article
81 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
BACKGROUND &
aimsChronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection acquired perinatally or in early childhood has been associated with a prolonged phase of immune tolerance from viral exposure into early adulthood. The immune-tolerant phase of the disease is characterized by high levels of hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA and normal liver biochemistry, with minimal or no fibrosis. We investigated whether the age of patients with CHB affects their antiviral immunity and whether children and young adults have a veritable state of immunologic tolerance.
methodsWe isolated T cells from different age groups of patients with CHB and used flow cytometric methods to measure production of effector and inflammatory cytokines (interferon, tumor necrosis factor, interleukin [IL]-17A, IL-22, and IL-8), T-helper (Th)2 cytokines (IL-10, IL-4), Th1 cytokines (IL-2 and IL-21), and the CC chemokine CCL3 (MIP-1). We also measured markers of T-cell exhaustion or inhibition (PD-1, LAG-3, TIM3, LAIR-1, and CTLA-4) and HBV-specific T cells.
resultsYoung patients with CHB have a Th1-cell cytokine profile and a partial profile of T-cell exhaustion. Direct quantification of the HBV-specific T-cell response showed that young patients with CHB have more HBV-specific T cells with the ability to proliferate and produce cytokines than adult patients with CHB.
conclusionsHBV infection in younger patients is not associated with an immune profile of T-cell tolerance. On the contrary, children and young adults with chronic HBV infection have an HBV-specific immune profile that is less compromised than that observed in older patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.