ArticleWiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946)2012
Cognitive-enhancing substance use at German universities: frequency, reasons and gender differences.
Article in Wiener medizinische Wochenschrift (1946), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 28 papers.
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Who cites it
28 citing papers in PubMed.
- Article
- Microbe mediated remediation of dyes, explosive waste and polyaromatic hydrocarbons, pesticides and pharmaceuticals.Current research in microbial sciences · 2022Review
- Neuroenhancement: State of the Art and Future Perspectives.Clinical neuropsychiatry · 2021Article
- Pharmacological Neuroenhancement: Current Aspects of Categorization, Epidemiology, Pharmacology, Drug Development, Ethics, and Future Perspectives.Neural plasticity · 2021Review
- Students' use of caffeine, alcohol, dietary supplements, and illegal substances for improving academic performance in a New Zealand university.Health psychology and behavioral medicine · 2021Article
- The off-prescription use of modafinil: An online survey of perceived risks and benefits.PloS one · 2020Article
- Self-Reported Illicit Drug Use Among Norwegian University and College Students. Associations With Age, Gender, and Geography.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2020Article
- Weekday-only chronic oral methylphenidate self-administration in male rats: Reversibility of the behavioral and physiological effects.Behavioural brain research · 2019Article
- Neurocognitive, Autonomic, and Mood Effects of Adderall: A Pilot Study of Healthy College Students.Pharmacy (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Article
- Moral Attitudes Toward Pharmacological Cognitive Enhancement (PCE): Differences and Similarities Among Germans With and Without PCE Experience.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2018Article
- Prevalence Estimates for Pharmacological Neuroenhancement in Austrian University Students: Its Relation to Health-Related Risk Attitude and the Framing Effect of Caffeine Tablets.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2018Article
- Prescription stimulant medication misuse: Where are we and where do we go from here?Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2016Review
- Drugs As Instruments: Describing and Testing a Behavioral Approach to the Study of Neuroenhancement.Frontiers in psychology · 2016Article
- A survey of substance use for cognitive enhancement by university students in the Netherlands.Frontiers in systems neuroscience · 2015Article
- Associations Between the Big Five Personality Traits and the Non-Medical Use of Prescription Drugs for Cognitive Enhancement.Frontiers in psychology · 2015Article
- Article
- Neuroenhancement and the strength model of self-control.Frontiers in psychology · 2015Article
- Substances used and prevalence rates of pharmacological cognitive enhancement among healthy subjects.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2014Review
- Use of neuroenhancement drugs: prevalence, frequency and use expectations in Switzerland.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2014Article
- Evaluating the drivers of and obstacles to the willingness to use cognitive enhancement drugs: the influence of drug characteristics, social environment, and personal characteristics.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundThe purpose of this study was to give an overview whether German students regularly use stimulants for enhancing their academic performance. Reasons associated with the use of these substances were explored. Moreover, gender differences were analyzed.
methodsA cross-sectional survey study was performed analyzing a random sample of 1,053 students of different fields of study in Germany. Students were asked to complete an anonymous self-administered web-based survey containing questions on cognitive performance-enhancing substance use. We used statistical analyses, e.g. non-parametric tests to evaluate the data of our questionnaire.
resultsAmong 1,053 students, 61 % responded to our questionnaire. The average age was M = 24.58; 635 participants were female and 418 were male students. Total 1-13 % of the participating students have taken prescription stimulants (e.g. modafinil) or illicit drugs (e.g. cannabis) at least once in their lifetime. The most common reasons for taking stimulants were to support concentration, to relax and to increase alertness. We found significant gender differences with regard to frequency and reason for using performance-enhancing substances.
conclusionsOur study results give an overview about the actual situation on frequency and reasons for taking performance-enhancing substances. Departments of Public Health should address this issue in national health debates and discussions. Based on our study findings health education programmes should be developed.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.