ArticleEuropean journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology2012
Presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in waste waters, Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Article in European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed.
- Extended spectrum beta-lactamase Klebsiella pneumoniae (ESBL-KP) bloodstream infection outbreak in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) in Bangui, Central African Republic (CAR).Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2026Article
- Vibrio Community Structure Shapes the Diversity of Carbenicillin-Hydrolysing Class A β-Lactamase Circulating in European Coastal Environments.Environmental microbiology · 2026Article
- Antimicrobial resistance of Enterobacterales in Central Africa: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Communications medicine · 2025Article
- Evaluation of Antibiotic Prescribing Pattern Using WHO Access, Watch and Reserve Classification in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of Congo.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Molecular epidemiology of antimicrobial resistance in central africa: A systematic review.Access microbiology · 2023Review
- Genetic Characterization of Antibiotic ResistantFrontiers in microbiology · 2022Article
- Occurrence of Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase (ESBL) Producers, Quinolone and Carbapenem ResistantInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Antimicrobial use and resistance in food-producing animals and the environment: an African perspective.Antimicrobial resistance and infection control · 2020Review
- Diagnostic Bacteriology in District Hospitals in Sub-Saharan Africa: At the Forefront of the Containment of Antimicrobial Resistance.Frontiers in medicine · 2019Review
- Antimicrobial resistance in human and animal pathogens in Zambia, Democratic Republic of Congo, Mozambique and Tanzania: an urgent need of a sustainable surveillance system.Annals of clinical microbiology and antimicrobials · 2013Review
- Trends in human fecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in the community: toward the globalization of CTX-M.Clinical microbiology reviews · 2013Review
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae are a major public health concern. We previously demonstrated the presence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in sachet-packaged water bags sold in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo. In complement to the previous study, we aimed to assess the presence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in waste waters in Kinshasa.Enterobacteriaceae isolates recovered from environmental water samples were screened and phenotypically confirmed as ESBL-producers by disk diffusion according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines (CLSI M100-S21). Final identification to the species level and further antimicrobial susceptibility testing were carried out with MicroScan® NBC42 panels and the identification of bla (ESBL) coding genes was performed by a commercial multiplex ligation polymerase chain reaction (PCR) microarray (Check-Points CT 101, Wageningen, the Netherlands). Overall, 194 non-duplicate Enterobacteriaceae were recovered from several sewer and river sites in nine out of 24 municipalities of Kinshasa. Fourteen isolates (7.4 %) were confirmed as ESBL-producers, the main species being Enterobacter cloacae (46.6 %) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (40.0 %). Associated resistance to both aminoglycoside and fluoroquinolone antibiotics was observed in ten isolates; the remaining isolates showed co-resistance to either fluoroquinolone (n = 3) or to aminoglycoside (n = 1) alone. All but one isolate carried bla (CTX-M) genes belonging to the CTX-M-1 group. ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are increasingly being reported from various sources in the community. The present results suggest that ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae are widespread in the environment in the community of Kinshasa. Cities in Central Africa should be added to the map of potentially ESBL-contaminated environments and highlight the need to reinforce safe water supply and public sanitation.
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