ArticleBiochimica et biophysica acta2012
TGF-β inhibits the uptake of modified low density lipoprotein by human macrophages through a Smad-dependent pathway: a dominant role for Smad-2.
Article in Biochimica et biophysica acta, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- TGF-β: The Molecular Mechanisms of Atherosclerosis - insights into SMAD Pathways and Gene Therapy Prospects.Current medicinal chemistry · 2026Review
- Article
- The diverse roles of macrophages in metabolic inflammation and its resolution.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Review
- Punicalagin Targets Atherosclerosis: Gene Expression Profiling of THP-1 Macrophages Treated with Punicalagin and Molecular Docking.Current issues in molecular biology · 2022Article
- Survey of In Vitro Model Systems for Investigation of Key Cellular Processes Associated with Atherosclerosis.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2022Article
- Pro-atherogenic actions of signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 serine 727 phosphorylation in LDL receptor deficient mice via modulation of plaque inflammation.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2021Article
- Therapeutic wavelengths of ultraviolet B radiation activate apoptotic, circadian rhythm, redox signalling and key canonical pathways in psoriatic epidermis.Redox biology · 2021Article
- Phenotypic Modulation of Macrophages and Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells in Atherosclerosis-Nitro-Redox Interconnections.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- Potential role of IL-37 in atherosclerosis.Cytokine · 2019Review
- Dihomo-γ-linolenic acid inhibits several key cellular processes associated with atherosclerosis.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Molecular basis of disease · 2019Article
- The interleukin-33-mediated inhibition of expression of two key genes implicated in atherosclerosis in human macrophages requires MAP kinase, phosphoinositide 3-kinase and nuclear factor-κB signaling pathways.Scientific reports · 2019Article
- The role of mitogen-activated protein kinases and sterol receptor coactivator-1 in TGF-β-regulated expression of genes implicated in macrophage cholesterol uptake.Scientific reports · 2016Article
- Fatty Acid Metabolism, Bone Morphogenetic Protein Receptor Type 2, and the Right Ventricle.American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine · 2016Article
- Macrophage bone morphogenic protein receptor 2 depletion in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and Group III pulmonary hypertension.American journal of physiology. Lung cellular and molecular physiology · 2016Article
- Cytokines: roles in atherosclerosis disease progression and potential therapeutic targets.Future medicinal chemistry · 2016Review
- A Unique Combination of Nutritionally Active Ingredients Can Prevent Several Key Processes Associated with Atherosclerosis In Vitro.PloS one · 2016Article
- Cytokines in atherosclerosis: Key players in all stages of disease and promising therapeutic targets.Cytokine & growth factor reviews · 2015Review
- Article
- Role of TGFβ signaling in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2015Article
- The anti-atherogenic cytokine interleukin-33 inhibits the expression of a disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs-1, -4 and -5 in human macrophages: Requirement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, c-Jun N-terminal kinase and phosphoinositide 3-kinase signaling pathways.The international journal of biochemistry & cell biology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The anti-atherogenic cytokine, TGF-β, plays a key role during macrophage foam cell formation by modulating the expression of key genes involved in the control of cholesterol homeostasis. Unfortunately, the molecular mechanisms underlying these actions of TGF-β remain poorly understood. In this study we examine the effect of TGF-β on macrophage cholesterol homeostasis and delineate the role of Smads-2 and -3 during this process. Western blot analysis showed that TGF-β induces a rapid phosphorylation-dependent activation of Smad-2 and -3 in THP-1 and primary human monocyte-derived macrophages. Small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of Smad-2/3 expression showed that the TGF-β-mediated regulation of key genes implicated in the uptake of modified low density lipoproteins and the efflux of cholesterol from foam cells was Smad-dependent. Additionally, through the use of virally delivered Smad-2 and/or Smad-3 short hairpin RNA, we demonstrate that TGF-β inhibits the uptake of modified LDL by macrophages through a Smad-dependent mechanism and that the TGF-β-mediated regulation of CD36, lipoprotein lipase and scavenger receptor-A gene expression was dependent on Smad-2. These studies reveal a crucial role for Smad signaling, particularly Smad-2, in the inhibition of foam cell formation by TGF-β through the regulation of expression of key genes involved in the control of macrophage cholesterol homeostasis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.