Trial reportThe Journal of biological chemistry2012
Cigarette smoke induces MUC5AC protein expression through the activation of Sp1.
Trial report in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 50 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
50 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 87 citations in OpenAlex.
- Comparison of the health-related outcomes for traditional cigarettes, e-cigarettes, heat-not-burn cigarettes and snus: a systematic review and meta-analysis.BMC public health · 2026Pooled it
- The proteome of postsurgical pancreatic juice.Pancreas · 2015Trial
- Molecular Links Between Smoking, COPD, and Lung Cancer: A DNA Methylation Perspective.Cancers · 2026Article
- How do lifestyle and environmental factors influence the sperm epigenome? Effects on sperm fertilising ability, embryo development, and offspring health.Clinical epigenetics · 2025Review
- Article
- Positive association between serum resistin and smoking was strongest in homozygotes of the G-A haplotype at c.-420 C>G and c.-358 G>A in RETN promoter: the Toon Genome Study.Journal of human genetics · 2023Article
- Does Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Originate from Different Cell Types?American journal of respiratory cell and molecular biology · 2023Article
- Oxidative stress inducesFASEB bioAdvances · 2023Article
- DNA Methylation of the Dopamine TransporterInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Smoking induces shifts in cellular composition and transcriptome within the bronchial mucus barrier.Respirology (Carlton, Vic.) · 2023Article
- Higher Infection Risk among Health Care Workers and Lower Risk among Smokers Persistent across SARS-CoV-2 Waves-Longitudinal Results from the Population-Based TiKoCo Seroprevalence Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Methylation in the Promoter Region of the Dopamine TransporterInternational journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Safety of chronic hypertonic bicarbonate inhalation in a cigarette smoke-induced airway irritation guinea pig model.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2022Article
- Nasal airway transcriptome-wide association study of asthma reveals genetically driven mucus pathobiology.Nature communications · 2022Article
- Review
- Reactive Oxygen Species and Antioxidative Defense in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Review
- ST6GalNAc-I promotes lung cancer metastasis by altering MUC5AC sialylation.Molecular oncology · 2021Article
- Molecular mechanism underlying miR‑130b‑Sp1 transcriptional regulation in LPS‑induced upregulation of MUC5AC in the bile duct epithelium.Molecular medicine reports · 2021Article
- Guifu Dihuang Pills Ameliorated Mucus Hypersecretion by Suppressing Muc5ac Expression and Inactivating the ERK-SP1 Pathway in Lipopolysaccharide/Cigarette Smoke-Induced Mice.Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine : eCAM · 2021Article
- Chronic Exposure to Cigarette Smoke Affects the Ileum and Colon of Guinea Pigs Differently. Relaxin (RLX-2, Serelaxin) Prevents Most Local Damage.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Cigarette smoke (CS) exposure is associated with increased mucus production and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). MUC5AC is the major inducible mucus gene in the airway. The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate the mechanisms of CS-induced activation of MUC5AC gene transcription. We observed that the region -3724/-3224 of the MUC5AC promoter is critical for CS-induced gene transcriptional activity and that this region contains two Sp1 binding sites. Using a lung-relevant model, we observed that CS increased nuclear Sp1 protein expression. Consequently, CS exposure resulted in enhanced Sp1-DNA binding activity and Sp1 trans-activation. Co-transfection of the MUC5AC-luc reporter with Sp1 expression plasmids resulted in significantly increased MUC5AC-luc activity, whereas co-treatment with mithramycin A, a Sp1 inhibitor, abolished CS-induced MUC5AC promoter activity. Using mobility shift assay and chromatin immunoprecipitation, we demonstrated that two Sp1 binding sites in the MUC5AC promoter are functional and responsive to CS exposure. A mutation of either Sp1 binding site in the MUC5AC promoter significantly decreased CS-induced promoter activity. Together, these data indicate that CS induces MUC5AC gene transcription predominantly through increased Sp1 nuclear protein levels and increased Sp1 binding to its promoter region.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.