ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2012
Diarrhea etiology in a pediatric emergency department: a case control study.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 63 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
63 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- 2017 Infectious Diseases Society of America Clinical Practice Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Management of Infectious Diarrhea.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Guideline
- Comparison of pediatric and adult antibiotic-associated diarrhea and Clostridium difficile infections.World journal of gastroenterology · 2016Pooled it
- Co-infection as a confounder for the role of Clostridium difficile infection in children with diarrhoea: a summary of the literature.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2015Pooled it
- Clinical Impact of Multiplex Molecular Diagnostic Testing in Children With Acute Gastroenteritis Presenting to an Emergency Department: A Multicenter Prospective Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2024Trial
- Comparison of a Rapid Multiplex Gastrointestinal Panel with Standard Laboratory Testing in the Management of Children with Hematochezia in a Pediatric Emergency Department: Randomized Controlled Trial.Microbiology spectrum · 2023Trial
- A randomized trial evaluating virus-specific effects of a combination probiotic in children with acute gastroenteritis.Nature communications · 2020Trial
- Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG versus Placebo for Acute Gastroenteritis in Children.The New England journal of medicine · 2018Trial
- Randomised controlled trial ofBMJ open · 2017Trial
- Molecular-based evidence for school transmission of enteroaggregative Escherichia coli among apparently healthy children attending nursery, infant, and primary schools in Madrid (Spain).European journal of pediatrics · 2025Article
- A Game Changer for Acute Gastroenteritis in the Pediatric Emergency Department: Multiplex Stool PCR Test.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2025Article
- Etiologies of Bloody Diarrhea in Children Presenting With Acute Gastroenteritis to US Emergency Departments.Open forum infectious diseases · 2024Article
- Enteric pathogens relationship with small bowel histologic features of environmental enteric dysfunction in a multicountry cohort study.The American journal of clinical nutrition · 2024Article
- Etiologies of bloody diarrhea in children presenting with acute gastroenteritis to US emergency departments.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Factors Associated With Actionable Gastrointestinal Panel Results in Hospitalized Children.Hospital pediatrics · 2023Article
- EnteroaggregativeFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Enteric Pathogen Testing Importance for Children with Acute Gastroenteritis: a Modified Delphi Study.Microbiology spectrum · 2022Article
- Microbial Etiologies and Clinical Characteristics of Children Seeking Emergency Department Care Due to Vomiting in the Absence of Diarrhea.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- From a case-control survey to a diagnostic viral gastroenteritis panel for testing of general practitioners' patients.PloS one · 2021Article
- Engineered Lysins With Customized Lytic Activities Against Enterococci and Staphylococci.Frontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- Performance of Stool-testing Recommendations for Acute Gastroenteritis When Used to Identify Children With 9 Potential Bacterial Enteropathogens.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2019Article
3 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThe etiology of childhood diarrhea is frequently unknown.
methodsWe sought Aeromonas, Campylobacter, Escherichia coli O157:H7, Pleisiomonas shigelloides, Salmonella, Shigella, Vibrio, and Yersinia (by culture), adenoviruses, astroviruses, noroviruses, rotavirus, and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC; by enzyme immunoassay), Clostridium difficile (by cytotoxicity), parasites (by microscopy), and enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC; by polymerase chain reaction [PCR] analysis) in the stools of 254 children with diarrhea presenting to a pediatric emergency facility. Age- and geographic-matched community controls without diarrhea (n = 452) were similarly studied, except bacterial cultures of the stool were limited only to cases.
resultsTwenty-nine (11.4%) case stools contained 13 Salmonella, 10 STEC (6 O157:H7 and 4 non-O157:H7 serotypes), 5 Campylobacter, and 2 Shigella. PCR-defined EAEC were present more often in case (3.2%) specimens than in control (0.9%) specimens (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 3.9; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.1-13.7), and their adherence phenotypes were variable. Rotavirus, astrovirus, and adenovirus were more common among cases than controls, but both groups contained noroviruses and C. difficile at similar rates. PCR evidence of hypervirulent C. difficile was found in case and control stools; parasites were much more common in control specimens.
conclusionsEAEC are associated with childhood diarrhea in Seattle, but the optimal way to identify these agents warrants determination. Children without diarrhea harbor diarrheagenic pathogens, including hypervirulent C. difficile. Our data support the importance of taking into account host susceptibility, microbial density, and organism virulence traits in future case-control studies, not merely categorizing candidate pathogens as being present or absent.
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