Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22698024›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of public health2012

The social determinants of health and pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza severity.

Elizabeth C Lowcock, Laura C Rosella, Julie Foisy, Allison McGeer, Natasha Crowcroft

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of public health, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 72 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
72citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

72 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Review
  4. The Global Polycrisis and Health Inequalities.International journal of social determinants of health and health services · 2025
    Article
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Use of Population Weighted Density Index for Coronavirus Spread in the United States.Journal of health economics and outcomes research · 2024
    Article
  9. Article
  10. Review
  11. Article
  12. Inequality, public health, and COVID-19: an analysis of the Spanish case by municipalities.The European journal of health economics : HEPAC : health economics in prevention and care · 2023
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Article
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  18. Article
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12 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Elizabeth C LowcockDepartment of Surveillance and Epidemiology, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
Laura C Rosella
Julie Foisy
Allison McGeer
Natasha Crowcroft

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesWe explored the effects of social determinants of health on pandemic H1N1 2009 influenza severity and the role of clinical risk factors in mediating such associations.

methodsWe used multivariate logistic regression with generalized estimating equations to examine the associations between individual- and ecological-level social determinants of health and hospitalization for pandemic H1N1 2009 illness in a case-control study in Ontario, Canada.

resultsDuring the first pandemic phase (April 23-July 20, 2009), hospitalization was associated with having a high school education or less and living in a neighborhood with high material or total deprivation. We also observed the association with education in the second phase (August 1-November 6, 2009). Clinical risk factors for severe pandemic H1N1 2009 illness mediated approximately 39% of the observed association.

conclusionsThe main clinical risk factors for severe pandemic H1N1 2009 illness explain only a portion of the associations observed between social determinants of health and hospitalization, suggesting that the means by which the social determinants of health affect pandemic H1N1 2009 outcomes extend beyond clinically recognized risk factors.

Indexed as

Influenza A Virus, H1N1 SubtypePandemicsSocioeconomic FactorsAdolescentAdultAgedAntiviral AgentsBody Mass IndexCase-Control StudiesChildChild, PreschoolEducational StatusFemaleHospitalizationHumansInfantAntiviral Agents

Identifiers

PMID22698024
PMCPMC3464856

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.