Evidence map›Paper›PMID 22698014›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of public health2012

Education, genetic ancestry, and blood pressure in African Americans and Whites.

Amy L Non, Clarence C Gravlee, Connie J Mulligan

Open access · greenAbstract read
In one paragraph

Article in American journal of public health, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 40 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
40citing papers in PubMed
6.0field-weighted citation impact, top 4% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

40 citing papers in PubMed, 73 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Health Implications of Colorism: A Narrative Review of the Literature.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026
    Review
  2. Article
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  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. The sex and gender dimensions of COVID-19: A narrative review of the potential underlying factors.Infection, genetics and evolution : journal of molecular epidemiology and evolutionary genetics in infectious diseases · 2022
    Review
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Disparities by Skin Color Among Young African-American Women.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2021
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Leveraging genetic ancestry to study health disparities.American journal of physical anthropology · 2021
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Review
  18. Article
  19. Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Amy L NonHarvard Center for Population and Development Studies, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. amynon@hsph.harvard.edu
Clarence C Gravlee
Connie J Mulligan
Robert Wood Johnson Foundation · US

Funding

MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY OF ESSENTIAL HYPERTENSIONR37HL051021 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS HLTH SCI CTR HOUSTON · PI BOERWINKLE, ERIC A. · 1999 to 2008
$10.8M
The Family Blood Pressure Program (HyperGEN Network)U01HL054471 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF UTAH · PI HUNT, STEVEN C. · 2000 to 2007
$7.4M
The Family Blood Pressure Program (Program Data Center)U01HL054473 · NHLBI · WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY · PI RAO, DABEERU C · 2000 to 2008
$5.8M
HYPERTENSION IN POPULATIONS OF WEST AFRICAN ORIGINR37HL045508 · NHLBI · LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO · PI COOPER, RICHARD STANLEY · 1998 to 2008
$3.3M
NHLBI FAMILY BLOOD PRESSURE PROGRAM-HYPERGEN-MPLS FCU01HL054496 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI PANKOW, JAMES S · 2000 to 2004
$3.2M
NHLBI FAMILY BLOOD PRESSURE PROGRAM (GENOA)U01HL054464 · NHLBI · MAYO CLINIC COLL OF MEDICINE, ROCHESTER · PI TURNER, STEPHEN T · 2000 to 2004
$2.6M
HYPERGEN - BIRMINGHAM FIELD CENTERU01HL054495 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM · PI LEWIS, CORA E · 2000 to 2004
$923k
HYPERGEN CENTRAL BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORYU01HL054472 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI ECKFELDT, JOHN H · 2000 to 2004
$879k
HYPERGEN-BOSTON UNIVERSITY/FRAMINGHAM FIELD CENTERU01HL054497 · NHLBI · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI ELLISON, CURTIS R. · 2000 to 2004
$430k
HYPERGENU10HL054496 · NHLBI · UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA TWIN CITIES · PI ARNETT, DONNA K. · 1995 to 1999
–
HYPERGENU10HL054497 · NHLBI · BOSTON UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CAMPUS · PI ELLISON, CURTIS R. · 1995 to 1999
–
HYPERTENSION IN POPULATIONS OF WEST AFRICAN ORIGINR01HL045508 · NHLBI · LOYOLA UNIVERSITY CHICAGO · PI COOPER, RICHARD STANLEY · 1991 to 1998
–
NHLBI NIH HHS HL45508NHLBI NIH HHS HL47910NHLBI NIH HHS HL54059NHLBI NIH HHS HL54464NHLBI NIH HHS HL54471NHLBI NIH HHS HL54472NHLBI NIH HHS HL54473NHLBI NIH HHS HL54495NHLBI NIH HHS HL54496NHLBI NIH HHS HL54497NHLBI NIH HHS HL54515NHLBI NIH HHS R01 HL51021NHLBI NIH HHS R37 HL045508NHLBI NIH HHS R37 HL051021NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL054464NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL054471NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL054472NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL054473NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL054495NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL054496NHLBI NIH HHS U01 HL054497NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL054464NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL054471NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL054472NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL054473NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL054481NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL054495NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL054496NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL054497NHLBI NIH HHS U10 HL54481
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

objectivesWe assessed the relative roles of education and genetic ancestry in predicting blood pressure (BP) within African Americans and explored the association between education and BP across racial groups.

methodsWe used t tests and linear regressions to examine the associations of genetic ancestry, estimated from a genomewide set of autosomal markers, and education with BP variation among African Americans in the Family Blood Pressure Program. We also performed linear regressions in self-identified African Americans and Whites to explore the association of education with BP across racial groups.

resultsEducation, but not genetic ancestry, significantly predicted BP variation in the African American subsample (b=-0.51 mm Hg per year additional education; P=.001). Although education was inversely associated with BP in the total population, within-group analyses showed that education remained a significant predictor of BP only among the African Americans. We found a significant interaction (b=3.20; P=.006) between education and self-identified race in predicting BP.

conclusionsRacial disparities in BP may be better explained by differences in education than by genetic ancestry. Future studies of ancestry and disease should include measures of the social environment.

Indexed as

Black or African AmericanEducational StatusWhite PeopleAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overBlood PressureFemaleHealth Status DisparitiesHumansHypertensionLinear ModelsMaleMiddle AgedYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID22698014
PMCPMC3464817
OpenAlexW2043450273

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.