Trial reportDrug and alcohol dependence2012
Efficacy of disulfiram and Twelve Step Facilitation in cocaine-dependent individuals maintained on methadone: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.
Trial report in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 58 citations in OpenAlex.
- Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Disulfiram for the treatment of cocaine dependence.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2024Pooled it
- Comparison of Treatments for Cocaine Use Disorder Among Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.JAMA network open · 2021Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of medications for stimulant use disorders in patients with co-occurring opioid use disorders.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2020Pooled it
- Pharmacotherapy for Cocaine Use Disorder-a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Journal of general internal medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Change in employment status and cocaine use treatment outcomes: A secondary analysis across six clinical trials.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2019Pooled it
- Sociodemographic and clinical outcome differences among individuals seeking treatment for cocaine use disorders. The intersection of gender and race.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2019Pooled it
- Comparative efficacy and acceptability of psychosocial interventions for individuals with cocaine and amphetamine addiction: A systematic review and network meta-analysis.PLoS medicine · 2018Pooled it
- A randomized clinical trial of disulfiram at higher doses for the treatment of cocaine use disorder among methadone-stabilized patients.Journal of psychiatric research · 2025Trial
- Functional neural changes following behavioral therapies and disulfiram for cocaine dependence.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2017Trial
- Predictors of 12-Step Attendance and Participation for Individuals With Stimulant Use Disorders.Journal of substance abuse treatment · 2016Trial
- Correlates of cocaine use during methadone treatment: implications for screening and clinical management (ANRS Methaville study).Harm reduction journal · 2016Trial
- Prompted to treatment by the criminal justice system: Relationships with treatment retention and outcome among cocaine users.The American journal on addictions · 2015Trial
- Gender differences in clinical outcomes for cocaine dependence: randomized clinical trials of behavioral therapy and disulfiram.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2014Trial
- Smokers versus snorters: do treatment outcomes differ according to route of cocaine administration?Experimental and clinical psychopharmacology · 2013Trial
- Reinforcing integrated psychiatric service attendance in an opioid-agonist program: a randomized and controlled trial.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2013Trial
- Randomized Controlled Trial Comparing Exercise to Health Education for Stimulant Use Disorder: Results From the CTN-0037 STimulant Reduction Intervention Using Dosed Exercise (STRIDE) Study.The Journal of clinical psychiatryTrial
- Testing measurement invariance of the Brief Symptom Inventory across race, sex, and time among adults with cocaine use disorder.Psychological assessment · 2026Article
- Percentage of negative urine drug screens as a clinically meaningful endpoint for RCTs evaluating treatment for cocaine use.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2023Article
- On the Biomedical Properties of Endocannabinoid Degradation and Reuptake Inhibitors: Pre-clinical and Clinical Evidence.Neurotoxicity research · 2021Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCocaine use remains a major problem within methadone maintenance programs. Disulfiram's efficacy in reducing cocaine use has been demonstrated in several trials, but its relative efficacy among individuals who use versus abstain from alcohol remains unclear. Treatment approaches which seek to enhance substance users' involvement in self-help activities (Twelve Step Facilitation, TSF) have been associated with better outcomes among alcohol and cocaine users, but have rarely been evaluated among methadone-maintained cocaine-opioid users.
methodsWe conducted a randomized, placebo-controlled, double blind (for medication condition), factorial (2×2) trial with 4 treatment conditions: Disulfiram plus TSF, disulfiram plus standard counseling only, placebo plus TSF, and placebo plus standard counseling in the context of a community-based methadone maintenance program. Participants (N=112) received either disulfiram (250 mg/d) or placebo in conjunction with daily methadone maintenance.
resultsAssignment to TSF was associated with less cocaine use throughout treatment and a higher number of cocaine-negative urines. While there were no significant main effects of disulfiram versus placebo, individuals without an alcohol use disorder demonstrated greater reductions in cocaine use over time when assigned to disulfiram.
conclusionsTSF appears feasible in this methadone maintenance program and was associated with modest reductions in cocaine use, an often intractable problem in this setting. Support for the efficacy of disulfiram was weaker, as it appeared effective only for those without a current alcohol use disorder for this sample.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.