ReviewNature reviews. Cancer2012
Evolutionary dynamics of carcinogenesis and why targeted therapy does not work.
Review in Nature reviews. Cancer, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 370 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
370 citing papers in PubMed, 688 citations in OpenAlex.
- Physiologic MR imaging of the tumor microenvironment revealed switching of metabolic phenotype upon recurrence of glioblastoma in humans.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2020Trial
- NabioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Fluctuating environment causes neoplastic transition and epithelial-mesenchymal plasticity in human cells.Research square · 2026Article
- Tumor evolution: signaling pathways, molecular mechanisms and therapeutic targets.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Stimuli-Responsive Polyethylenimine Derivatives as Carriers for siRNA Delivery: Current Solutions and Future Perspectives.ACS omega · 2026Review
- CBX6 and CA9 as predictive indicators and therapeutic targets in GBM.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Article
- When effective anticancer therapies are, in fact, destabilizing the tumor's Group Phenotypic Composition.NPJ precision oncology · 2026Review
- Why Targeting Tumor Acidity Fails: Translational Barriers and Emerging Solutions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Review
- A New Era of Salvage-Line Treatment for Metastatic Colorectal Cancer: The Role and Clinical Significance of Circulating Tumor DNA.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Breast Tumor Blood Flow, Disease Progression, and Treatment Response: The Role of Exercise.Sports medicine (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2026Review
- Lipidomic Profiling of Rabbit VX2 Tumors Using Matrix-assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Mass Spectrometry Imaging.Radiology. Imaging cancer · 2026Article
- Evolutionary Double-Bind Treatment Using Radiation Therapy and Natural Killer Cell-Based Immunotherapy in Prostate Cancer.International journal of radiation oncology, biology, physics · 2026Article
- Cancer, collapse, and the politics of somatic evolution.Evolution, medicine, and public health · 2026Review
- FOXO1 links KRAS G12D and G12V alleles to glutamine and nitrogen metabolism in colorectal cancer.EMBO reports · 2026Article
- Immune regulatory mechanisms in the tumor microenvironment and their applications in cancer therapy: from basic research to clinical translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- A mechanovascular framework for pre-neoplastic microenvironmental dysregulation and early carcinogenesis.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- Molecular mechanisms of KMT2C alterations in gastrointestinal cancers: enhancer network destabilization, lineage plasticity, and clinical translation.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Recent advances in gene delivery for melanocyte-associated disorders.Advanced drug delivery reviews · 2025Review
- Deficient chaperone-mediated autophagy in macrophages aggravates colitis and colitis-associated tumorigenesis in mice.Molecules and cells · 2025Article
310 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
All malignant cancers, whether inherited or sporadic, are fundamentally governed by Darwinian dynamics. The process of carcinogenesis requires genetic instability and highly selective local microenvironments, the combination of which promotes somatic evolution. These microenvironmental forces, specifically hypoxia, acidosis and reactive oxygen species, are not only highly selective, but are also able to induce genetic instability. As a result, malignant cancers are dynamically evolving clades of cells living in distinct microhabitats that almost certainly ensure the emergence of therapy-resistant populations. Cytotoxic cancer therapies also impose intense evolutionary selection pressures on the surviving cells and thus increase the evolutionary rate. Importantly, the principles of Darwinian dynamics also embody fundamental principles that can illuminate strategies for the successful management of cancer.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.