ReviewClinical & developmental immunology2012
Sex differences associated with primary biliary cirrhosis.
Review in Clinical & developmental immunology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 27 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
27 citing papers in PubMed, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Sex disparities in primary biliary cholangitis: insights from a Japanese multicentre cohort.Medical molecular morphology · 2026Article
- The Role of Antimitochondrial Antibodies in Atrial Cardiomyopathy: Causality or Coincidence?JACC. Case reports · 2026Article
- Sex matters: mechanistic insights into sex-driven patterns of autoimmunity and implications for pharmacotherapy.Naunyn-Schmiedeberg's archives of pharmacology · 2026Review
- The impact of male sex on outcomes in primary biliary cholangitis.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Mortality trends and demographic-geographic disparities of autoimmune liver diseases among U.S. adults aged ≥45 years, 1999-2023.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Article
- Single Nucleus MultiOmics Links Novel Transcription Factor Motifs to Murine Hepatic Sex Differences in Chromatin Accessibility and Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Steatotic Liver Disease.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2025Article
- Hepatic immune regulation and sex disparities.Nature reviews. Gastroenterology & hepatology · 2024Review
- Pruritus in primary biliary cholangitis is under-recorded in patient medical records.BMJ open gastroenterology · 2024Article
- Sex differences in chronic liver disease and benign liver lesions.JHEP reports : innovation in hepatology · 2023Review
- The impact of recipient and donor gender-match and mismatch on the post-liver transplant outcomes of patients with primary biliary cholangitis.Digestive and liver disease : official journal of the Italian Society of Gastroenterology and the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver · 2023Article
- The Role of Sex in Acute and Chronic Liver Damage.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- The Role of Epigenetics in Primary Biliary Cholangitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- A Rare Case Presentation: Diagnosing Primary Biliary Cholangitis in a Male Patient With Concomitant Type 1 Diabetes.Cureus · 2021Article
- Sex Hormone-Dependent Physiology and Diseases of Liver.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Review
- Small Heterodimer Partner Regulates Dichotomous T Cell Expansion by Macrophages.Endocrinology · 2019Article
- Preventative care in cholestatic liver disease: Pearls for the specialist and subspecialist.Liver research (Beijing, China) · 2019Article
- Sex-related factors in autoimmune liver diseases.Seminars in immunopathology · 2019Review
- A Mouse Model of Autoimmune Cholangitis via Syngeneic Bile Duct Protein Immunization.Scientific reports · 2017Article
- Glucocorticoids Cause Gender-Dependent Reversal of Hepatic Fibrosis in the MDR2-Knockout Mouse Model.International journal of molecular sciences · 2017Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 7 institutions in 5 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a cholestatic liver disease of autoimmune origin, characterised by the destruction of small intrahepatic bile ducts. The disease has an unpredictable clinical course but may progress to fibrosis and cirrhosis. The diagnostic hallmark of PBC is the presence of disease-specific antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA), which are pathognomonic for the development of PBC. The disease overwhelmingly affects females, with some cases of male PBC being reported. The reasons underlying the low incidence of males with PBC are largely unknown. Epidemiological studies estimate that approximately 7-11% of PBC patients are males. There does not appear to be any histological, serological, or biochemical differences between male and female PBC, although the symptomatology may differ, with males being at higher risk of life-threatening complications such as gastrointestinal bleeding and hepatoma. Studies on X chromosome and sex hormones are of interest when studying the low preponderance of PBC in males; however, these studies are far from conclusive. This paper will critically analyze the literature surrounding PBC in males.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.