ReviewClinical reviews in allergy & immunology2012
The immunophysiology and apoptosis of biliary epithelial cells: primary biliary cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis.
Review in Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 15 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
15 citing papers in PubMed.
- Primary biliary cholangitis with inflammation involving zone 3 of the liver has a poor response to ursodeoxycholic acid treatment: a retrospective cohort study.BMC gastroenterology · 2026Article
- HSC-derived exosomal miR-122-5p inhibits EMT and fibrosis of intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells to alleviate primary biliary cholangitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Lipopolysaccharide in Bile Promotes the Neutrophil Extracellular Traps-Induced Gallstone Formation by Activating the Gallbladder Immune Barrier.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2024Article
- Elevated plasma and bile levels of corisin, a microbiota-derived proapoptotic peptide, in patients with severe acute cholangitis.Gut pathogens · 2023Article
- The methylimidazolium ionic liquid M8OI is detectable in human sera and is subject to biliary excretion in perfused human liver.Toxicology · 2021Article
- Chronic expression of interferon-gamma leads to murine autoimmune cholangitis with a female predominance.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2016Article
- Interleukin‑6 induces epithelial‑mesenchymal transition in human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells.Molecular medicine reports · 2016Article
- Obeticholic acid for the treatment of primary biliary cholangitis in adult patients: clinical utility and patient selection.Hepatic medicine : evidence and research · 2016Review
- Individuals with Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis Have Elevated Levels of Biomarkers for Apoptosis but Not Necrosis.Digestive diseases and sciences · 2015Article
- Animal models of primary biliary cirrhosis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2015Review
- New therapies for primary biliary cirrhosis.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2015Review
- Primary biliary cirrhosis is a generalized autoimmune epithelitis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2015Review
- Clonality, activated antigen-specific CD8(+) T cells, and development of autoimmune cholangitis in dnTGFβRII mice.Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.) · 2013Article
- Protective Effects of Guava Pulp on Cholestatic Liver Injury.ISRN hepatology · 2013Article
- The long-term marriage between autoimmunity and internal medicine: a homage to Manuel Carlos Dias.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2012Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Biliary epithelial cells (BECs) provide the first line of defense against lumenal microbes in the biliary system. BECs express a variety of pathogen recognition receptors and can activate several intracellular signaling cascades to initiate antimicrobial defenses, including production of several anti-microbial peptides, cytokines, chemokines, and adhesion molecules. BECs also secrete immunoglobulin A and interact with other cells through expression and release of adhesion molecules and immune mediators. Recently, several reports suggest a correlation between apoptosis and autoimmunity through ineffective clearance of self-antigens. Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is a slowly progressive, autoimmune cholestatic liver disease characterized by highly specific antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) and the specific immune-mediated destruction of BECs. We have demonstrated that the AMA self-antigen, namely the E2 subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, is detectable in its antigenically reactive form within apoptotic blebs from human intrahepatic biliary epithelial cells and activates innate immune responses. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by inflammation and the presence of concentric fibrosis of intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic bile ducts, eventually leading to cirrhosis. However, apoptosis does not appear to play a central role in PSC. Despite both diseases involving immune-mediated injury to bile ducts, apoptosis occurs more commonly overall in PBC where it likely plays a unique role.
Indexed as
Identifiers
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.