ArticleNanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine2013
Effect of ligand density, receptor density, and nanoparticle size on cell targeting.
Article in Nanomedicine : nanotechnology, biology, and medicine, 2013. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 140 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
140 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Systematic review of the osteogenic effect of rare earth nanomaterials and the underlying mechanisms.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Pooled it
- Engineering immune cell engagers: From molecular constructs to biomaterial platforms.Materials today. Bio · 2026Review
- Visualizing Metabolism: Lipid-Based Raman Nanoreporters as an Enabling Platform for Metabolic Imaging and Precision Medicine.ACS nano medicine · 2026Review
- Resolving Heterogeneity of Targeted Lipid Nanoparticles Through Solution-Based Biophysical Analyses.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Optimization ofJournal of nanobiotechnology · 2026Article
- Tumor microenvironment-specific nanomedicine: from biology-driven to multi-omics-guided precision engineering.Journal of hematology & oncology · 2026Review
- Avidity-by-design: spatial control of T7 peptide presentation on polymersomes dictates blood-brain barrier transport fate.Drug delivery and translational research · 2026Article
- Quantifying and Leveraging Interfacial Amine Reactivity in Block Copolymer Nanoparticles for Advanced Material Design.Small science · 2026Article
- Aptamer-Functionalized Nanocarriers for Bone and Joint Diseases: Engineering Design Rules and Translational Roadmap.Small science · 2026Article
- Balancing Multivalent Avidity and Receptor Availability Governs mRNA Delivery by Antibody-Functionalized Lipid Nanoparticles.Nano letters · 2026Article
- Resolving heterogeneity of targeted lipid nanoparticles through solution-based biophysical analyses.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Advances in nanotechnology for the diagnosis and management of autoimmune diseases.Asian journal of pharmaceutical sciences · 2026Review
- cDC1 Subtype-Specific In Vivo Targeting of Liposomes.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- High-Throughput In Vivo Screening Using Barcoded mRNA Identifies Lipid Nanoparticles With Extrahepatic Tropism for In Situ Immunoengineering.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- Thermoreversibly assembled polymersomes for highly efficient loading, processing and delivery of protein and siRNA biologics.Nature biomedical engineering · 2026Article
- Loading Density Influences the Tumor Cell Targeting and Signaling Inhibition Capabilities of Antibody Nanoconjugates.ACS omega · 2026Article
- Equip your vehicle for the right terrain: Using features of local pathology to guide engineering of targeted drug delivery systems.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2026Review
- Nanoparticles in HIV treatment for improved drug delivery, clinical translation, and future direction.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Novel Carbon Dots Nanomaterials for the Precision Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Lung Injury and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome: Mechanisms and Applications.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
- Drug Delivery Engineering Strategies Targeting CD4+/CD8+ T Cell Exhaustion to Improve the Tumor Immunosuppressive Microenvironment.International journal of nanomedicine · 2026Review
80 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
It is generally accepted that the presentation of multiple ligands on a nanoparticle (NP) surface can improve cell targeting; however, little work has been done to determine whether an optimal ligand density exists. We have recently developed a site-specific bioconjugation strategy that allows for distinct control of ligand density on a NP through the combined utilization of expressed protein ligation (EPL) and copper-free click chemistry. This EPL-Click conjugation strategy was applied to create superparamagnetic iron oxide (SPIO) NPs labeled with HER2/neu targeting affibodies at differing ligand densities. It was discovered that an intermediate ligand density provided statistically significant improvements in cell binding in comparison with higher and lower ligand densities. This intermediate optimal ligand density was conserved across NPs with differing hydrodynamic diameters, different HER2/neu targeting ligands and also to cells with lower receptor densities. Additionally, an intermediate optimal ligand density was also evident when NPs were labeled with folic acid. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR: The authors of this study investigated optimal ligand density with SPIO-based labeling and concluded that intermediate density appears to have the most optimal labeling properties from the standpoint of its T2* shortening effect.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.