ArticleDevelopmental biology2012
Pod1/Tcf21 is regulated by retinoic acid signaling and inhibits differentiation of epicardium-derived cells into smooth muscle in the developing heart.
Article in Developmental biology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 97 papers.
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Who cites it
97 citing papers in PubMed, 141 citations in OpenAlex.
- Retinoic acid in health and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Hypoxia-activated scleraxis a mediates epicardial progenitor differentiation into a unique cardiac perivascular cell type.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Spiny Mice Show a Profibrotic Epicardial Mesothelial Response to Hypoxic Injury Comparable to C57BL/6 Mice.Biomolecules · 2026Article
- Decreased concentration of transcription factor 21 in patients with chronic schizophrenia is associated with an increased coronary artery calcium score.BMC psychiatry · 2026Article
- TCF21 promotes epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and cytoskeleton reorganization in uterine development and endometriosis.Nature communications · 2026Article
- The intersection of disorders of sex development and cardiovascular diseases.Biology of sex differences · 2026Review
- Epicardial Tcf21 facilitates cardiomyocyte dedifferentiation and heart regeneration in zebrafish.Developmental biology · 2026Article
- Mesothelial Cells in Fibrosis: Focus on Intercellular Crosstalk.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Article
- Foxf1-mediated co-regulation of miR-495 and let-7c modulates epicardial cell migration and myocardial specification.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2025Article
- Retinoic acid signaling and metabolism in heart failure.American journal of physiology. Heart and circulatory physiology · 2025Review
- Epicardium-myocardium crosstalk orchestrates heart development.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Sox9 in the epicardium: Implications for cell invasion, differentiation, and coronary vascular development.PloS one · 2025Article
- Mef2c- and Nkx2-5-Divergent Transcriptional Regulation of Chick WT1_76127 and Mouse Gm14014 lncRNAs and Their Implication in Epicardial Cell Migration.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Epigenetic determinants and non-myocardial signaling pathways contributing to heart growth and regeneration.Pharmacology & therapeutics · 2024Review
- Transcription factor Tcf21 modulates urinary bladder size and differentiation.Development, growth & differentiation · 2024Article
- Modeling cardiac fibroblast heterogeneity from human pluripotent stem cell-derived epicardial cells.Nature communications · 2023Article
- Novel Insights into the Molecular Mechanisms Governing Embryonic Epicardium Formation.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2023Review
- Understanding Epicardial Cell Heterogeneity during Cardiogenesis and Heart Regeneration.Journal of cardiovascular development and disease · 2023Review
- Single-cell and spatial heterogeneity landscapes of mature epicardial cells.Journal of pharmaceutical analysis · 2023Article
37 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Epicardium-derived cells (EPDCs) invade the myocardium and differentiate into fibroblasts and vascular smooth muscle (SM) cells, which support the coronary vessels. The transcription factor Pod1 (Tcf21) is expressed in subpopulations of the epicardium and EPDCs in chicken and mouse embryonic hearts, and the transcription factors WT1, NFATC1, and Tbx18 are expressed in overlapping and distinct subsets of Pod1-expressing cells. Expression of Pod1 and WT1, but not Tbx18 or NFATC1, is activated with all-trans-retinoic acid (RA) treatment of isolated chick EPDCs in culture. In intact chicken hearts, RA inhibition leads to decreased Pod1 expression while RA treatment inhibits SM differentiation. The requirements for Pod1 in differentiation of EPDCs in the developing heart were examined in mice lacking Pod1. Loss of Pod1 in mice leads to epicardial blistering, increased SM differentiation on the surface of the heart, and a paucity of interstitial fibroblasts, with neonatal lethality. Epicardial epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and endothelial differentiation of coronary vessels are relatively unaffected. On the surface of the myocardium, expression of multiple SM markers is increased in Pod1-deficient EPDCs, demonstrating premature SM differentiation. Increased SM differentiation also is observed in Pod1-deficient lung mesenchyme. Together, these data demonstrate a critical role for Pod1 in controlling mesenchymal progenitor cell differentiation into SM and fibroblast lineages during cardiac development.
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