ArticleToxicology and applied pharmacology2012
An ethanolic extract of black cohosh causes hematological changes but not estrogenic effects in female rodents.
Article in Toxicology and applied pharmacology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed, 34 citations in OpenAlex.
- Review of black cohosh-induced toxicity and adverse clinical effects.Journal of environmental science and health. Part C, Toxicology and carcinogenesis · 2025Review
- Combined Exposures and Mixtures Research: An Enduring NIEHS Priority.Environmental health perspectives · 2024Article
- The effect of black cohosh extract and risedronate coadministration on bone health in an ovariectomized rat model.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- A cross-sectional clinical study in women to investigate possible genotoxicity and hematological abnormalities related to the use of black cohosh botanical dietary supplements.Environmental and molecular mutagenesis · 2022Article
- Actein contributes to black cohosh extract-induced genotoxicity in human TK6 cells.Journal of applied toxicology : JAT · 2022Article
- Mechanistic Evaluation of Black Cohosh Extract-Induced Genotoxicity in Human Cells.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2021Article
- Evidence for an Aneugenic Mechanism of Action for Micronucleus Induction by Black Cohosh Extract.Environmental and molecular mutagenesis · 2019Article
- Evaluating Sufficient Similarity of Botanical Dietary Supplements: Combining Chemical and In Vitro Biological Data.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2019Article
- How similar is similar enough? A sufficient similarity case study with Ginkgo biloba extract.Food and chemical toxicology : an international journal published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association · 2018Article
- Black cohosh extracts and powders induce micronuclei, a biomarker of genetic damage, in human cells.Environmental and molecular mutagenesis · 2018Article
- Investigating the Generalizability of the MultiFlow ® DNA Damage Assay and Several Companion Machine Learning Models With a Set of 103 Diverse Test Chemicals.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2018Article
- Next generation high throughput DNA damage detection platform for genotoxic compound screening.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- A Black Cohosh Extract Causes Hematologic and Biochemical Changes Consistent with a Functional Cobalamin Deficiency in Female B6C3F1/N Mice.Toxicologic pathology · 2017Article
- Immunomodulatory effects of black cohosh (Actaea racemosa) extract in female B6C3F1/N mice.Toxicology · 2013Article
- Botanical modulation of menopausal symptoms: mechanisms of action?Planta medica · 2013Review
- Exploring the Efficacy and Safety of Black Cohosh (Journal of mid-life healthReview
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
13 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Black cohosh rhizome (Actaea racemosa) is used as a remedy for pain and gynecological ailments; modern preparations are commonly sold as ethanolic extracts available as dietary supplements. Black cohosh was nominated to the National Toxicology Program (NTP) for toxicity testing due to its widespread use and lack of safety data. Several commercially available black cohosh extracts (BCE) were characterized by the NTP, and one with chemical composition closest to formulations available to consumers was used for all studies. Female B6C3F1/N mice and Wistar Han rats were given 0, 15 (rats only), 62.5 (mice only), 125, 250, 500, or 1000 mg/kg/day BCE by gavage for 90 days starting at weaning. BCE induced dose-dependent hematological changes consistent with a non-regenerative macrocytic anemia and increased frequencies of peripheral micronucleated red blood cells (RBC) in both species. Effects were more severe in mice, which had decreased RBC counts in all treatment groups and increased micronucleated RBC at doses above 125 mg/kg. Dose-dependent thymus and liver toxicity was observed in rats but not mice. No biologically significant effects were observed in other organs. Puberty was delayed 2.9 days at the highest treatment dose in rats; a similar magnitude delay in mice occurred in the 125 and 250 mg/kg groups but not at the higher doses. An additional uterotrophic assay conducted in mice exposed for 3 days to 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 500 mg/kg found no estrogenic or anti-estrogenic activity. These are the first studies to observe adverse effects of BCE in rodents.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.