ReviewDrugs2012
Invasive group a streptococcal disease: epidemiology, pathogenesis and management.
Review in Drugs, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 115 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
115 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 266 citations in OpenAlex.
- Invasive group A streptococcal disease in pregnant women and young children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Infectious diseases · 2022Pooled it
- Article
- Emerging epidemiology of invasive group a Streptococcus in tropical Australia: a 21-year population-based data linkage study.Infection · 2026Article
- Invasive group A streptococcal infections requiring paediatric intensive care in children and adolescents: a nationwide retrospective cohort study in Austria.European journal of pediatrics · 2026Observational
- Article
- Burden of invasive group a streptococcus infection in Australia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Review
- From vesicles to ventricles: pediatric group a streptococcal meningitis post-varicella infection - a case report.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Outcomes of invasive Strep A infections of upper limb treated in a regional centre over a period of a one year: case series and literature review.Journal of surgical case reports · 2026Article
- Increased burden of invasive group A streptococcal disease among Australian children, 2023-2024: a prospective cohort study.The Lancet regional health. Western Pacific · 2026Article
- Evaluating the use of whole-genome sequencing and SangerJournal of medical microbiology · 2026Article
- Group A Streptococcal Virulence Factors and Vaccine Development-An Update.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Article
- Fulminant streptococcal toxic shock syndrome presenting as cervical epidural abscess: a case report.Journal of Yeungnam medical science · 2026Article
- An Unusual Presentation of Invasive Group ACase reports in critical care · 2026Article
- Risk and determinants of mortality associated with invasive group A streptococcus (iGAS) disease in Scotland: A national surveillance study.International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases · 2025Article
- Recurrence following invasive GAS infections in adults: Triumph of virulence or failure of immunity?Virulence · 2025Article
- Group A streptococcal primary peritonitis and toxic shock syndrome.Clinical journal of gastroenterology · 2025Article
- Parental information needs during a large group a streptococcus upsurge: A secondary analysis of a cross-sectional, mixed methods study.Public health in practice (Oxford, England) · 2025Article
- Invasive Group A Streptococcus infections in children during the post-pandemic period: results from a multicenter study in Italy.Italian journal of pediatrics · 2025Observational
55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Invasive group A streptococcal infections are uncommon, although serious, infections with high case fatality rates. Periodic resurgences in invasive group A streptococcal infections in industrialized countries have been reported from the 1980s onwards, with current estimates of incidence in these countries of approximately 3-4 per 100 000 population. Infants, pregnant women and the elderly are at increased risk of invasive group A streptococcal infection. The group A streptococcus has an array of virulence factors that underpin its invasive capacity and, in approximately 10% of cases, superantigen toxins produced by the bacteria stimulate a large proportion of T cells, leading to streptococcal toxic shock syndrome. Given the rapid clinical progression, effective management of invasive group A streptococcal infections hinges on early recognition of the disease and prompt initiation of supportive care (often intensive care) together with antibacterial therapy. In cases of toxic shock syndrome, it is often difficult to distinguish between streptococcal and staphylococcal infection before cultures become available and so antibacterial choice must include coverage of both of these organisms. In addition, clindamycin is an important adjunctive antibacterial because of its anti-toxin effects and excellent tissue penetration. Early institution of intravenous immunoglobulin therapy should be considered in cases of toxic shock syndrome and severe invasive infection, including necrotizing fasciitis. Early surgical debridement of necrotic tissue is also an important part of management in cases of necrotizing fasciitis.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.