ReviewOsteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA2012
Osteoporosis in young adults: pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management.
Review in Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 106 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
106 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 253 citations in OpenAlex.
- Updated practice guideline for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA).European journal of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging · 2025Guideline
- [Osteoporosis-Definition, risk assessment, diagnosis, prevention and treatment (update 2024) : Guidelines of the Austrian Society for Bone and Mineral Research].Wiener klinische Wochenschrift · 2024Guideline
- Comparative Effectiveness of Therapeutic Interventions in Pregnancy and Lactation-Associated Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism · 2024Pooled it
- Vitamin D supplementation for children with cancer: A systematic review and consensus recommendations.Cancer medicine · 2021Pooled it
- European guidance for the diagnosis and management of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2019Guideline
- Effect of estrogen replacement therapy on bone and cardiovascular outcomes in women with turner syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Endocrine · 2017Pooled it
- Thalassemia-associated osteoporosis: a systematic review on treatment and brief overview of the disease.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2016Pooled it
- Trial
- Comorbidities and outcomes associated with young adult hip fracture: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Osteoporosis international : a journal established as result of cooperation between the European Foundation for Osteoporosis and the National Osteoporosis Foundation of the USA · 2026Review
- Article
- Effect of bisphosphonates on the risk of surgical site infection after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis.BMC women's health · 2026Article
- Association between osteoporosis and waitlist mortality in liver transplant candidates.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Women with Graves' Disease Have Altered Proximal Hip Geometry, Trabecular Bone Score and Body Composition Parameters: A Case-Control Study from Southern India.Calcified tissue international · 2026Article
- Osteoporosis and osteopenia in young adults with spinal cord injury: The necessity of an early bone mineral density checkup.The journal of spinal cord medicine · 2026Article
- Secondary osteoporosis in a young woman: the hidden impact of functional hypothalamic amenorrhea.Journal of Yeungnam medical science · 2026Article
- Real-world treatment outcomes in pregnancy and lactation-associated osteoporosis: a nationwide multicenter cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Observational
- Mediating Role of Muscle Mass in the Relationship Between Physical Activity and Bone Mass in Female University Students in China.PPAR research · 2026Article
- Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease may increase the risk of osteoporosis in middle aged adults: a 12-year longitudinal analysis from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study (KoGES).Archives of osteoporosis · 2025Article
- Prognostic value of trabecular bone score for major osteoporotic fractures in patients with radiographic axial spondyloarthritis: a 3-year prospective cohort study.Rheumatology international · 2025Article
- Monitoring fracture risk during antiosteoporotic therapy: a retrospective cohort study.Rheumatology international · 2025Observational
46 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
10 authors at 8 institutions in 7 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Postmenopausal osteoporosis is mainly caused by increased bone remodeling resulting from estrogen deficiency. Indications for treatment are based on low areal bone mineral density (aBMD, T-score ≤ -2.5), typical fragility fractures (spine or hip), and more recently, an elevated 10-year fracture probability (by FRAX®). In contrast, there is no clear definition of osteoporosis nor intervention thresholds in younger individuals. Low aBMD in a young adult may reflect a physiologically low peak bone mass, such as in lean but otherwise healthy persons, whereas fractures commonly occur with high-impact trauma, i.e., without bone fragility. Furthermore, low aBMD associated with vitamin D deficiency may be highly prevalent in some regions of the world. Nevertheless, true osteoporosis in the young can occur, which we define as a T-score below -2.5 at spine or hip in association with a chronic disease known to affect bone metabolism. In the absence of secondary causes, the presence of fragility fractures, such as in vertebrae, may point towards genetic or idiopathic osteoporosis. In turn, treatment of the underlying condition may improve bone mass as well. In rare cases, a bone-specific treatment may be indicated, although evidence is scarce for a true benefit on fracture risk. The International Osteoporosis Foundation (IOF) convened a working group to review pathophysiology, diagnosis, and management of osteoporosis in the young, excluding children and adolescents, and provide a screening strategy including laboratory exams for a systematic approach of this condition.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.