ArticlePloS one2012
Interleukin-6 is a potential biomarker for severe pandemic H1N1 influenza A infection.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 89 papers.
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Who cites it
89 citing papers in PubMed, 142 citations in OpenAlex.
- Randomized Controlled Trial of Atorvastatin in Acute Influenza in the Emergency Department.The western journal of emergency medicine · 2025Trial
- Dual Antiviral and Immunomodulatory Effects of Phytochemicals in Influenza A Virus Infection: Targeting Key Host Signaling Pathways.MicrobiologyOpen · 2026Review
- Host-Directed Antiviral Strategies Against Influenza Viruses: Host Targets, Multi-Omics Approaches and AI-Assisted Discovery.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Influenza A/PR8 virus infection in mice suppresses basal and Oncostatin M-induced IL-33 expression in vivo and in vitro.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Generation of an Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Alveolar Type II In Vitro Model to Study Influenza A Virus Infection and Drug Treatments.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Hyperinflammation and immunomodulation in influenza, SARS-CoV-2 and syncytial respiratory virus infection in adults: from innate immune responses and biomarkers to clinical and therapeutic implications.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Review
- Potential of biomarkers of ageing in predicting severity of influenza virus infection and vaccination efficacy.npj aging · 2025Review
- Peripheral blood cytokine expression levels and their clinical significance in children with influenza.Translational pediatrics · 2025Article
- Obesity Uncovers the Presence of Inflammatory Lung Macrophage Subsets With an Adipose Tissue Transcriptomic Signature in Influenza Virus Infection.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Innate immune role of IL-6 in influenza a virus pathogenesis.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Review
- Age-related STING suppression in macrophages contributes to increased viral load during influenza a virus infection.Immunity & ageing : I & A · 2024Article
- The role of viral diagnostic tests in respiratory tract infections: moving forward.Revista espanola de quimioterapia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola de Quimioterapia · 2024Review
- [Correlations of obesity and elevated interleukin-6 levels with length of stay in COVID-19 patients in Korea: a retrospective study].Journal of Korean biological nursing science · 2024Article
- Is Interleukin-6 blockade a viable strategy to prevent progression of acute respiratory distress syndrome in non-COVID viral pneumonia?Clinical immunology communications · 2023Article
- Obesity amplifies influenza virus-driven disease severity in male and female mice.Mucosal immunology · 2023Article
- Identifying Hub Genes and miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Networks in Mice Infected with H1N1 Influenza Virus.Disease markers · 2023Article
- First insight into extracellular vesicle-miRNA characterization in a sheepFrontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
- The modulatory action of C-Vx substance on the immune system in COVID-19.Emerging microbes & infections · 2022Article
- In Vitro Anti-Influenza A Virus H1N1 Effect of Sesquiterpene-Rich Extracts ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Nanoparticles reduce monocytes within the lungs to improve outcomes after influenza virus infection in aged mice.JCI insight · 2022Article
29 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
27 authors at 14 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pandemic H1N1 influenza A (H1N1pdm) is currently a dominant circulating influenza strain worldwide. Severe cases of H1N1pdm infection are characterized by prolonged activation of the immune response, yet the specific role of inflammatory mediators in disease is poorly understood. The inflammatory cytokine IL-6 has been implicated in both seasonal and severe pandemic H1N1 influenza A (H1N1pdm) infection. Here, we investigated the role of IL-6 in severe H1N1pdm infection. We found IL-6 to be an important feature of the host response in both humans and mice infected with H1N1pdm. Elevated levels of IL-6 were associated with severe disease in patients hospitalized with H1N1pdm infection. Notably, serum IL-6 levels associated strongly with the requirement of critical care admission and were predictive of fatal outcome. In C57BL/6J, BALB/cJ, and B6129SF2/J mice, infection with A/Mexico/4108/2009 (H1N1pdm) consistently triggered severe disease and increased IL-6 levels in both lung and serum. Furthermore, in our lethal C57BL/6J mouse model of H1N1pdm infection, global gene expression analysis indicated a pronounced IL-6 associated inflammatory response. Subsequently, we examined disease and outcome in IL-6 deficient mice infected with H1N1pdm. No significant differences in survival, weight loss, viral load, or pathology were observed between IL-6 deficient and wild-type mice following infection. Taken together, our findings suggest IL-6 may be a potential disease severity biomarker, but may not be a suitable therapeutic target in cases of severe H1N1pdm infection due to our mouse data.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.