ArticleMolecular cancer research : MCR2012
GSK-3 promotes cell survival, growth, and PAX3 levels in human melanoma cells.
Article in Molecular cancer research : MCR, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 36 citations in OpenAlex.
- PAX3: A Driver of Normal Development and Disease.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- GSK3β activation is a key driver of resistance to Raf inhibition in BRAF mutant melanoma cells.Oncotarget · 2025Article
- BioID-based intact cell interactome of the Kv1.3 potassium channel identifies a Kv1.3-STAT3-p53 cellular signaling pathway.Science advances · 2024Article
- Phytochemical Analysis, In Vitro Biological Activities, and Computer-Aided Analysis ofMolecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3β: A True Foe in Pancreatic Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- NUMB as a Therapeutic Target for Melanoma.The Journal of investigative dermatology · 2022Article
- Proteomics and Phosphoproteomics Profiling of Drug-Addicted BRAFi-Resistant Melanoma Cells.Journal of proteome research · 2021Article
- Targeting Pan-ETS Factors Inhibits Melanoma Progression.Cancer research · 2021Article
- Review
- Neuroprotective Effects of Deuterium-Depleted Water (DDW) Against HNeurochemical research · 2020Article
- Review
- Molecular Pathways: Revisiting Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β as a Target for the Treatment of Cancer.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2017Review
- A large-scale RNAi screen identifies LCMR1 as a critical regulator of Tspan8-mediated melanoma invasion.Oncogene · 2017Article
- Multifaceted Roles of GSK-3 in Cancer and Autophagy-Related Diseases.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2017Review
- BRAF activates PAX3 to control muscle precursor cell migration during forelimb muscle development.eLife · 2016Article
- Nuclear GSK3β promotes tumorigenesis by phosphorylating KDM1A and inducing its deubiquitylation by USP22.Nature cell biology · 2016Article
- PAX3 and FOXD3 Promote CXCR4 Expression in Melanoma.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2015Article
- Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor in melanoma development and MAP-kinase pathway targeted therapy.Pigment cell & melanoma research · 2015Review
- Phosphorylation of PAX3 contributes to melanoma phenotypes by affecting proliferation, invasion, and transformation.Pigment cell & melanoma research · 2014Article
- GSK-3 as potential target for therapeutic intervention in cancer.Oncotarget · 2014Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
GSK-3 is a serine/threonine kinase involved in a diverse range of cellular processes. GSK-3 exists in two isoforms, GSK-3α and GSK-3β, which possess some functional redundancy but also play distinct roles depending on developmental and cellular context. In this article, we found that GSK-3 actively promoted cell growth and survival in melanoma cells, and blocking this activity with small-molecule inhibitor SB216763 or gene-specific siRNA decreased proliferation, increased apoptosis, and altered cellular morphology. These alterations coincided with loss of PAX3, a transcription factor implicated in proliferation, survival, and migration of developing melanoblasts. We further found that PAX3 directly interacted with and was phosphorylated in vitro on a number of residues by GSK-3β. In melanoma cells, direct inhibition of PAX3 lead to cellular changes that paralleled the response to GSK-3 inhibition. Maintenance of PAX3 expression protected melanoma cells from the anti-tumor effects of SB216763. These data support a model wherein GSK-3 regulates proliferation and morphology of melanoma through phosphorylation and increased levels of PAX3.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.