ReviewBirth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology2012
Environmental and genetic contributors to hypospadias: a review of the epidemiologic evidence.
Review in Birth defects research. Part A, Clinical and molecular teratology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 47 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
47 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 116 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Hypospadias and residential proximity to pesticide applications.Pediatrics · 2013Trial
- Novel circNSD2 promotes proliferation and testosterone synthesis while inhibiting apoptosis in bovine Leydig cells.Frontiers in veterinary science · 2026Article
- Genetic variants (LhcgrBiology of sex differences · 2025Article
- Case Report - Severe hypospadias in 46, XY karyotype patients: is third level genetic testing always mandatory?Frontiers in surgery · 2025Article
- Association ofGenetics research · 2025Article
- Periconceptional maternal folate supplementation impacts a diverse range of congenital malformations.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Lesions of the prepuce and penis in rams: A retrospective study.Veterinary research communications · 2023Article
- Whole-exome sequencing study of hypospadias.iScience · 2023Article
- Quantitative proteomics reveals specific protein regulation of severe hypospadias.Translational andrology and urology · 2022Article
- Article
- A mixture of 15 phthalates and pesticides below individual chemical no observed adverse effect levels (NOAELs) produces reproductive tract malformations in the male rat.Environment international · 2021Article
- Increased hypospadias risk byAging · 2021Article
- Characterization With Gene Mutations in Han Chinese Patients With Hypospadias and Function Analysis of a Novel AR Genevariant.Frontiers in genetics · 2021Article
- Endocrine disrupting chemicals and reproductive disorders in women, men, and animal models.Advances in pharmacology (San Diego, Calif.) · 2021Article
- A Microphysiological Approach to Evaluate Effectors of Intercellular Hedgehog Signaling in Development.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2021Article
- Maternal Exposure to Disinfection By-Products and Risk of Hypospadias in the National Birth Defects Prevention Study (2000-2005).International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- The Success Level of Hypospadias Repair in Adults.Cureus · 2020Article
- New frontiers on the molecular underpinnings of hypospadias according to severity.Arab journal of urology · 2020Review
- TGF-β1 relieves epithelial-mesenchymal transition reduction in hypospadias induced by DEHP in rats.Pediatric research · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
This review evaluates current knowledge related to trends in the prevalence of hypospadias, the association of hypospadias with endocrine-disrupting exposures, and the potential contribution of genetic susceptibility to its etiology. The review focuses on epidemiologic evidence. Increasing prevalence of hypospadias has been observed, but such increases tend to be localized to specific regions or time periods. Thus, generalized statements that hypospadias is increasing are unsupported. Owing to the limitations of study designs and inconsistent results, firm conclusions cannot be made regarding the association of endocrine-disrupting exposures with hypospadias. Studies with more rigorous study designs (e.g., larger and more detailed phenotypes) and exposure assessment that encompasses more breadth and depth (e.g., specific endocrine-related chemicals) will be critical to make better inferences about these important environmental exposures. Many candidate genes for hypospadias have been identified, but few of them have been examined to an extent that enables solid conclusions. Further study is needed that includes larger sample sizes, comparison groups that are more representative of the populations from which the cases were derived, phenotype-specific analyses, and more extensive exploration of variants. In conclusion, examining the associations of environmental and genetic factors with hypospadias remain important areas of inquiry, although our actual understanding of their contribution to hypospadias risk in humans is currently limited.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.