ReviewBMC medicine2012
Potential immunological consequences of pharmacological suppression of gastric acid production in patients with multiple sclerosis.
Review in BMC medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- The influence of concomitant proton pump inhibitors use on treatment efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma patients receiving immune checkpoint inhibitors: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Development and validation of a nomogram for predicting immune-related pneumonitis after sintilimab treatment.Cancer medicine · 2024Article
- Proton pump inhibitor alters Th17/Treg balance and induces gut dysbiosis suppressing contact hypersensitivity reaction in mice.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Article
- Impact of proton-pump inhibitors on the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Annals of medicine and surgery (2012) · 2022Review
- The Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors and COVID-19: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Tropical medicine and infectious disease · 2022Review
- The Histamine and Multiple Sclerosis Alliance: Pleiotropic Actions and Functional Validation.Current topics in behavioral neurosciences · 2022Article
- Concomitant medications and immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy for cancer: causation or association?Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2021Review
- Integrated analysis of concomitant medications and oncological outcomes from PD-1/PD-L1 checkpoint inhibitors in clinical practice.Journal for immunotherapy of cancer · 2020Article
- Use of nanohybrid nanomaterials in water treatment: highly efficient removal of ranitidine.RSC advances · 2020Article
- Risk of systemic autoimmune diseases in gastric disease patients with proton pump inhibitor use: a nationwide cohort study in Taiwan.Clinical rheumatology · 2020Article
- Acid suppression therapy and allergic reactions.Allergo journal international · 2015Article
- The effect of omeprazole on the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis in C57BL/6J and SJL/J mice.BMC research notes · 2014Article
- Histamine H₂ receptor signaling × environment interactions determine susceptibility to experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.FASEB journal : official publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology · 2014Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Corticosteroids are standard treatment for patients with multiple sclerosis experiencing acute relapse. Because dyspeptic pain is a common side effect of this intervention, patients can be given a histamine receptor-2 antagonist, proton pump inhibitor or antacid to prevent or ameliorate this disturbance. Additionally, patients with multiple sclerosis may be taking these medications independent of corticosteroid treatment. Interventions for gastric disturbances can influence the activation state of the immune system, a principal mediator of pathology in multiple sclerosis. Although histamine release promotes inflammation, activation of the histamine receptor-2 can suppress a proinflammatory immune response, and blocking histamine receptor-2 with an antagonist could shift the balance more towards immune stimulation. Studies utilizing an animal model of multiple sclerosis indicate that histamine receptor-2 antagonists potentially augment disease activity in patients with multiple sclerosis. In contrast, proton pump inhibitors appear to favor immune suppression, but have not been studied in models of multiple sclerosis. Antacids, histamine receptor-2 antagonists and proton pump inhibitors also could alter the intestinal microflora, which may indirectly lead to immune stimulation. Additionally, elevated gastric pH can promote the vitamin B12 deficiency that patients with multiple sclerosis are at risk of developing. Here, we review possible roles of gastric acid inhibitors on immunopathogenic mechanisms associated with multiple sclerosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.