ArticleThe Journal of infectious diseases2012
The rates of HIV superinfection and primary HIV incidence in a general population in Rakai, Uganda.
Article in The Journal of infectious diseases, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 61 papers.
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Who cites it
61 citing papers in PubMed, 78 citations in OpenAlex.
- Trial
- Neruodevelopmental Outcomes in Preschool Children Living With HIV-1 Subtypes A and D in Uganda.The Pediatric infectious disease journal · 2018Trial
- Limited HIV-1 superinfection in seroconverters from the CAPRISA 004 Microbicide Trial.Journal of clinical microbiology · 2014Trial
- HIV-1 superinfection occurs less frequently than initial infection in a cohort of high-risk Kenyan women.PLoS pathogens · 2013Trial
- HIV-1 virome profiling using HIV-PULSE to guide therapeutic and curative interventions.EBioMedicine · 2026Article
- Quantifying prevalence and risk factors of HIV multiple infection in Uganda from population-based deep-sequence data.PLoS pathogens · 2025Article
- AIDS mortality in Brazil, 2012-2022: a time series study.AIDS research and therapy · 2024Article
- Increasing intra- and inter-subtype HIV diversity despite declining HIV incidence in Uganda.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2024Article
- Intra- and inter-subtype HIV diversity between 1994 and 2018 in southern Uganda: a longitudinal population-based study.Virus evolution · 2024Article
- Dating reservoir formation in virologically suppressed people living with HIV-1 in Rakai, Uganda.Virus evolution · 2023Article
- Multiple Infection and Human Immunodeficiency Virus Superinfection Among Persons who Inject Drugs in Indonesia and Ukraine.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2022Article
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Drug Resistance, Phylogenetic Analysis, and Superinfection Among Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women in Sub-Saharan Africa: HIV Prevention Trials Network (HPTN) 075 Study.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2021Article
- A prospective multicenter pilot study of HIV-positive deceased donor to HIV-positive recipient kidney transplantation: HOPE in action.American journal of transplantation : official journal of the American Society of Transplantation and the American Society of Transplant Surgeons · 2021Article
- Validation of Variant Assembly Using HAPHPIPE with Next-Generation Sequence Data from Viruses.Viruses · 2020Article
- A de novo approach to inferring within-host fitness effects during untreated HIV-1 infection.PLoS pathogens · 2020Article
- Southern African HIV Clinicians Society guidelines for solid organ transplantation in human immunodeficiency virus: An evidence-based framework for human immunodeficiency virus-positive donors and recipients.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2020Article
- Pervasive and non-random recombination in near full-length HIV genomes from Uganda.Virus evolution · 2020Article
- Consistent condom use among highly effective contraceptive users in an HIV-endemic area in rural Kenya.PloS one · 2019Article
- Factors influencing HIV risk-taking behaviours amongst textile factory workers living with HIV in Lesotho.The Pan African medical journal · 2019Article
- Limited anti-HIV neutralizing antibody breadth and potency before and after HIV superinfection in Danish men who have sex with men.Infectious diseases (London, England) · 2019Article
1 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
18 authors at 7 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV) superinfection has been documented in high-risk individuals; however, the rate of superinfection among HIV-infected individuals within a general population remains unknown.
methodsA novel next-generation ultra-deep sequencing technique was utilized to determine the rate of HIV superinfection in a heterosexual population by examining two regions of the viral genome in longitudinal samples from recent HIV seroconverters (n=149) in Rakai District, Uganda.
resultsThe rate of superinfection was 1.44 per 100 person years (PYs) (95% confidence interval [CI], .4-2.5) and consisted of both inter- and intrasubtype superinfections. This was compared to primary HIV incidence in 20 220 initially HIV-negative individuals in the general population in Rakai (1.15 per 100 PYs; 95% CI, 1.1-1.2; P= .26). Propensity score matching (PS) was used to control for differences in sociodemographic and behavioral characteristics between the HIV-positive individuals at risk for superinfection and the HIV-negative population at baseline and follow-up. After PS matching, the estimated rate of primary incidence was 3.28 per 100 PYs (95% CI, 2.0-5.3; P = .07) controlling for baseline differences and 2.51 per 100 PYs (95% CI, 1.5-4.3; P = .24) controlling for follow-up differences.
conclusionsThis suggests that the rate of HIV superinfection in a general population is substantial, which could have a significant impact on future public health and HIV vaccine strategies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.