ArticleJournal of neurophysiology2012
Force encoding in stick insect legs delineates a reference frame for motor control.
Article in Journal of neurophysiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- A neural connectivity atlas for fly flight control.Current biology : CB · 2026Article
- Flies tune the activity of their multifunctional gyroscope.Current biology : CB · 2024Article
- Mechanosensory encoding of forces in walking uphill and downhill: force feedback can stabilize leg movements in stick insects.Journal of neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Closer view of antennal sensory organs of two Leptoglossus species (Insecta, Hemiptera, Coreidae).Scientific reports · 2023Article
- Adaptive load feedback robustly signals force dynamics in robotic model ofFrontiers in neurorobotics · 2023Article
- Sensory signals of unloading in insects are tuned to distinguish leg slipping from load variations in gait: experimental and modeling studies.Journal of neurophysiology · 2022Article
- Evaluation of force feedback in walking using joint torques as "naturalistic" stimuli.Journal of neurophysiology · 2021Article
- Neuronal Innervation of the Subgenual Organ Complex and the Tibial Campaniform Sensilla in the Stick Insect Midleg.Insects · 2020Article
- Mechanics to pre-process information for the fine tuning of mechanoreceptors.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2019Review
- Identification of the origin of force-feedback signals influencing motor neurons of the thoraco-coxal joint in an insect.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2019Article
- Integrative Biomimetics of Autonomous Hexapedal Locomotion.Frontiers in neurorobotics · 2019Article
- Biomechanics in Soft Mechanical Sensing: From Natural Case Studies to the Artificial World.Biomimetics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2018Review
- Force dynamics and synergist muscle activation in stick insects: the effects of using joint torques as mechanical stimuli.Journal of neurophysiology · 2018Article
- Transfer of Spatial Contact Information Among Limbs and the Notion of Peripersonal Space in Insects.Frontiers in computational neuroscience · 2018Article
- Simple analytical model reveals the functional role of embodied sensorimotor interaction in hexapod gaits.PloS one · 2018Article
- A load-based mechanism for inter-leg coordination in insects.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2017Article
- Effects of force detecting sense organs on muscle synergies are correlated with their response properties.Arthropod structure & development · 2017Article
- Mechanosensation and Adaptive Motor Control in Insects.Current biology : CB · 2016Review
- Joint torques in a freely walking insect reveal distinct functions of leg joints in propulsion and posture control.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2016Article
- Sensory feedback in cockroach locomotion: current knowledge and open questions.Journal of comparative physiology. A, Neuroethology, sensory, neural, and behavioral physiology · 2015Review
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
The regulation of forces is integral to motor control. However, it is unclear how information from sense organs that detect forces at individual muscles or joints is incorporated into a frame of reference for motor control. Campaniform sensilla are receptors that monitor forces by cuticular strains. We studied how loads and muscle forces are encoded by trochanteral campaniform sensilla in stick insects. Forces were applied to the middle leg to emulate loading and/or muscle contractions. Selective sensory ablations limited activities recorded in the main leg nerve to specific receptor groups. The trochanteral campaniform sensilla consist of four discrete groups. We found that the dorsal groups (Groups 3 and 4) encoded force increases and decreases in the plane of movement of the coxo-trochanteral joint. Group 3 receptors discharged to increases in dorsal loading and decreases in ventral load. Group 4 showed the reverse directional sensitivities. Vigorous, directional responses also occurred to contractions of the trochanteral depressor muscle and to forces applied at the muscle insertion. All sensory discharges encoded the amplitude and rate of loading or muscle force. Stimulation of the receptors produced reflex effects in the depressor motoneurons that could reverse in sign during active movements. These data, in conjunction with findings of previous studies, support a model in which the trochanteral receptors function as an array that can detect forces in all directions relative to the intrinsic plane of leg movement. The array could provide requisite information about forces and simplify the control and adaptation of posture and walking.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.