ArticleCurrent oncology (Toronto, Ont.)2012
International variability in the reimbursement of cancer drugs by publically funded drug programs.
Article in Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.), 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Factors affecting the uptake of new medicines: a systematic literature review.BMC health services research · 2014Pooled it
- Cost-effectiveness analyses of targeted oral anti-cancer drugs: a systematic review.PharmacoEconomics · 2014Pooled it
- Economic evaluation of therapeutic cancer vaccines and immunotherapy: a systematic review.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2014Pooled it
- Financial toxicity of oral chemotherapy in patients with primary brain tumors.Neuro-oncology practice · 2025Article
- Real-World Treatment Trends Among Patients with Metastatic Castration-Sensitive Prostate Cancer: Results from an International Study.The oncologist · 2023Article
- Time to reimbursement of novel anticancer drugs in Europe: a case study of seven European countries.ESMO open · 2023Article
- Regulatory Approval, Reimbursement, and Clinical Use of Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4/6 Inhibitors in Metastatic Breast Cancer in the Netherlands.JAMA network open · 2023Article
- How Can the EU Beating Cancer Plan Help in Tackling Lung Cancer, Colorectal Cancer, Breast Cancer and Melanoma?Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- FDA Accelerated Approval for Malignant Hematology and Oncology Indications in the Canadian Environment.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2022Article
- Reimbursement recommendations for cancer drugs supported by phase II evidence in Canada.Current oncology (Toronto, Ont.) · 2020Article
- Article
- Availability and affordability of biologic versus non-biologic anticancer medicines: a cross-sectional study in Punjab, Pakistan.BMJ open · 2018Article
- Ontario and New Zealand Pharmaceuticals: Cost and Coverage.Healthcare policy = Politiques de sante · 2018Article
- Article
- Availability of anticancer medicines in public and private sectors, and their affordability by low, middle and high-income class patients in Pakistan.BMC cancer · 2018Article
- Challenges of Providing Access to Cutting-Edge Cancer Medicines in the Countries of Eastern Europe.Frontiers in public health · 2018Article
- Evidence on the cost of breast cancer drugs is required for rational decision making.Ecancermedicalscience · 2018Article
- Ethical Hurdles in the Prioritization of Oncology Care.Applied health economics and health policy · 2017Article
- The evolution of the cancer formulary review in Canada: Can centralization improve the use of economic evaluation?The International journal of health planning and management · 2017Article
- Oncology drugs for orphan indications: how are HTA processes evolving for this specific drug category?ClinicoEconomics and outcomes research : CEOR · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
purposeEvaluate inter-country variability in the reimbursement of publically funded cancer drugs, and identify factors such as cost containment measures that may contribute to variability.
methodsAs of February 28, 2010, licensed indications for 10 cancer drugs (bevacizumab, bortezomib, cetuximab, erlotinib, imatinib, pemetrexed, rituximab, sorafenib, sunitinib, and trastuzumab) were obtained from the drug registries of 6 licensing authorities corresponding to 13 countries or regions: Australia, Canada (Ontario), England, Finland, France, Italy, Germany, Japan, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Scotland, Sweden, and the United States (Medicare Parts B and D). Number of licensed indications reimbursed by public payers and the use of cost containment measures were obtained by survey of health authorities involved in reimbursement and through public documents.
resultsThe 48 identified licensed indications varied between agencies (range: 36-44 indications). Finland, France, Germany, Sweden, and the United States reimbursed the highest percentage of indications (range: 90%-100%). Canada (54%), Australia (46%), Scotland (40%), England (38%), and New Zealand (25%) reimbursed the least. All 5 countries with the lowest rate of reimbursement incorporated a cost-effectiveness analysis into reimbursement decisions and rejected submissions for reimbursement mainly because of lack of cost effectiveness; in New Zealand, lack of cost effectiveness was the second leading cause of rejection after excessive cost. In 9 countries, risk-sharing agreements were used to contain costs. Indications initially not recommended for reimbursement (9 in Australia, 5 in Canada, and 3 in England, New Zealand, and Scotland) were subsequently approved with risk-sharing agreements or special pricing arrangements.
conclusionsReimbursement of publically funded cancer drugs varies globally. The cause is multifactorial.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.