ReviewCNS drugs2012
A review of neuroprotection pharmacology and therapies in patients with acute traumatic brain injury.
Review in CNS drugs, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 79 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
79 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 160 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pharmacologic Neuroprotection for Functional Outcomes After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Systematic Review of the Clinical Literature.CNS drugs · 2016Pooled it
- Photocuring CsA and bFGF-embedded hemostatic hydrogel promotes recovery from TBI by mitigating ferroptosis and neuroinflammation.iScience · 2025Article
- The Role of Magnesium in Depression, Migraine, Alzheimer's Disease, and Cognitive Health: A Comprehensive Review.Nutrients · 2025Review
- Update on Neuroprotection after Traumatic Brain Injury.CNS drugs · 2025Review
- Fluid biomarkers of chronic traumatic brain injury.Nature reviews. Neurology · 2024Review
- Sortilin is dispensable for secondary injury processes following traumatic brain injury in mice.Heliyon · 2024Article
- Traumatic brain injury heterogeneity affects cell death and autophagy.Experimental brain research · 2024Article
- Preso enhances mGluR1-mediated excitotoxicity by modulating the phosphorylation of mGluR1-Homer1 complex and facilitating an ER stress after traumatic brain injury.Cell death discovery · 2024Article
- Neuroprotection strategies in traumatic brain injury: Studying the effectiveness of different clinical approaches.Surgical neurology international · 2024Review
- Blood glutamate scavenging as a novel glutamate-based therapeutic approach for post-traumatic brain injury anxiety and social impairment.Translational psychiatry · 2023Article
- Glutamate Neurotoxicity and Destruction of the Blood-Brain Barrier: Key Pathways for the Development of Neuropsychiatric Consequences of TBI and Their Potential Treatment Strategies.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Derived from Alzheimer's Disease Mice Worsens Brain Trauma Outcomes in Wild-Type Controls.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Review
- Downregulation of miR-491-5p promotes neovascularization after traumatic brain injury.Neural regeneration research · 2022Article
- The lncRNA-AK046375 Upregulates Metallothionein-2 by Sequestering miR-491-5p to Relieve the Brain Oxidative Stress Burden after Traumatic Brain Injury.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2022Article
- Focal lesion size poorly correlates with motor function after experimental traumatic brain injury in mice.PloS one · 2022Article
- Design and Synthesis of Brain Penetrant Glycopeptide Analogues of PACAP With Neuroprotective Potential for Traumatic Brain Injury and Parkinsonism.Frontiers in drug discovery · 2022Article
- Blood Glutamate Scavenging With Pyruvate as a Novel Preventative and Therapeutic Approach for Depressive-Like Behavior Following Traumatic Brain Injury in a Rat Model.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Article
- Discoveries of the specific expression of lncRNAs and mRNAs in hippocampus of rats after traumatic brain injury.Ibrain · 2021Article
- Potential Neuroprotective Mechanisms of Methamphetamine Treatment in Traumatic Brain Injury Defined by Large-Scale IonStar-Based Quantitative Proteomics.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Article
19 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects 1.6 million Americans annually. The injury severity impacts the overall outcome and likelihood for survival. Current treatment of acute TBI includes surgical intervention and supportive care therapies. Treatment of elevated intracranial pressure and optimizing cerebral perfusion are cornerstones of current therapy. These approaches do not directly address the secondary neurological sequelae that lead to continued brain injury after TBI. Depending on injury severity, a complex cascade of processes are activated and generate continued endogenous changes affecting cellular systems and overall outcome from the initial insult to the brain. Homeostatic cellular processes governing calcium influx, mitochondrial function, membrane stability, redox balance, blood flow and cytoskeletal structure often become dysfunctional after TBI. Interruption of this cascade has been the target of numerous pharmacotherapeutic agents investigated over the last two decades. Many agents such as selfotel, pegorgotein (PEG-SOD), magnesium, deltibant and dexanabinol were ineffective in clinical trials. While progesterone and ciclosporin have shown promise in phase II studies, success in larger phase III, randomized, multicentre, clinical trials is pending. Consequently, no neuroprotective treatment options currently exist that improve neurological outcome after TBI. Investigations to date have extended understanding of the injury mechanisms and sites for intervention. Examination of novel strategies addressing both pathological and pharmacological factors affecting outcome, employing novel trial design methods and utilizing biomarkers validated to be reflective of the prognosis for TBI will facilitate progress in overcoming the obstacles identified from previous clinical trials.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.