ArticleAutoimmune diseases2012
Is multiple sclerosis an autoimmune disease?
Article in Autoimmune diseases, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 52 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
52 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Vitamin D Supplementation and Mental Health in Multiple Sclerosis Patients: A Systematic Review.Nutrients · 2021Pooled it
- Prostaglandins: Key players in immunomodulation of the nervous system.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Understanding the Role of Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Gonadal Axis in Multiple Sclerosis and Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.Biomedicines · 2026Review
- Paeonol as a Multi-Target Therapy for Neurological Disorders: Mechanistic Insights Into Neuroprotection.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2026Review
- Pain responses following resistance exercise with and without blood flow restriction in individuals with multiple sclerosis.European journal of applied physiology · 2026Article
- Incidence and prevalence of autoimmune disease in the Swedish National Patient Register.European journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- Multiple sclerosis and autoimmunity: a reappraisal of the evidence.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Beyond the blood-brain barrier: unraveling T cell subsets in CNS immunity and disease.Inflammopharmacology · 2025Review
- Advancements in multiple sclerosis.Internal medicine journal · 2025Review
- Role of Antioxidants in Modulating the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Their Impact on Neurodegenerative Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- The sneeze reflex in physiological and pathological states: a mini review.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Review
- The Polygenic Nature of Multiple Sclerosis: Genetic Variants, Immunological Modulation, and Environmental Connections.Endocrine, metabolic & immune disorders drug targets · 2025Review
- Bayesian clustering with uncertain data.PLoS computational biology · 2024Article
- Frontal-striatal tract integrity and depression in older adults with and without multiple sclerosis.Neurological sciences : official journal of the Italian Neurological Society and of the Italian Society of Clinical Neurophysiology · 2024Article
- Pineal gland volume loss in females with multiple sclerosis.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2024Article
- Effects of Five Coumarins and Standardized Extracts fromPharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Antibody Content against Epstein-Barr Virus in Blood Extracellular Vesicles Correlates with Disease Activity and Brain Volume in Patients with Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Observational
- ROGUE: an R Shiny app for RNA sequencing analysis and biomarker discovery.BMC bioinformatics · 2023Article
- Multi-omics analysis of magnetically levitated plasma biomolecules.Biosensors & bioelectronics · 2023Article
- Dysbiosis of Gut Microbiota from the Perspective of the Gut-Brain Axis: Role in the Provocation of Neurological Disorders.Metabolites · 2022Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease of the central nervous system (CNS) with varied clinical presentations and heterogeneous histopathological features. The underlying immunological abnormalities in MS lead to various neurological and autoimmune manifestations. There is strong evidence that MS is, at least in part, an immune-mediated disease. There is less evidence that MS is a classical autoimmune disease, even though many authors state this in the description of the disease. We show the evidence that both supports and refutes the autoimmune hypothesis. In addition, we present an alternate hypothesis based on virus infection to explain the pathogenesis of MS.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.