ReviewOxidative medicine and cellular longevity2012
The human tripeptide GHK-Cu in prevention of oxidative stress and degenerative conditions of aging: implications for cognitive health.
Review in Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 32 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
32 citing papers in PubMed, 97 citations in OpenAlex.
- Water-Soluble, Enzyme-Degradable, and Hydrolyzable STAR Particles for Enhanced Drug Delivery to Skin.Advanced healthcare materials · 2026Article
- Peptides in Regenerative Medicine: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical Applications in Tissue Repair and Chronic Pain Management.Current pain and headache reports · 2026Review
- A Systematic Review of the Mechanisms and Therapeutic Applications of GHK-Cu (Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine-Copper Complex) in Topical Microneedle Delivery: A Case for Expanded Clinical Trials.Archives of internal medicine research · 2026Article
- The GHK-Cu delays aging in Caenorhabditis elegans via coordinated regulation of mitochondrial function and activation of DAF-16/SKN-1 pathways.Biogerontology · 2026Article
- Protective Functions of β-Alanyl-L-Histidine and Glycyl-L-Histidyl-L-Lysine Glycoconjugates and Copper in Concert.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Minerals and Trace Elements: Key Protectors of Skin Health and Defenders against Skin Disorders.Current medicinal chemistry · 2025Review
- Effects of Gly-His-Lys-D-Ala Peptide on Skin Wound Regeneration Processes.Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine · 2024Article
- New Biotinylated GHK and Related Copper(II) Complex: Antioxidant and Antiglycant Properties In Vitro against Neurodegenerative Disorders.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Glycyl-l-histidyl-l-lysine-CuJournal of cachexia, sarcopenia and muscle · 2023Article
- Article
- Antioxidant Compounds from Edible Mushrooms as Potential Candidates for Treating Age-Related Neurodegenerative Diseases.Nutrients · 2023Review
- Efficacy of 15% lysine cream in treating diabetic foot ulcers: a randomized interventional study.International journal of physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology · 2023Article
- [Research progress of natural collagen peptides and its skincare efficacy].Sheng wu yi xue gong cheng xue za zhi = Journal of biomedical engineering = Shengwu yixue gongchengxue zazhi · 2022Article
- Exogenous Bioactive Peptides Have a Potential Therapeutic Role in Delaying Aging in Rodent Models.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Ergothioneine in a peptide: Substitution of histidine with 2-thiohistidine in bioactive peptides.Journal of peptide science : an official publication of the European Peptide Society · 2021Article
- Combinations of peptides synergistically activate the regenerative capacity of skin cells in vitro.International journal of cosmetic science · 2021Article
- Mass spectral and theoretical investigations of the transient proton-bound dimers on the cleavage processes of the peptide GHK and its analogues.RSC advances · 2021Article
- The copper(II)-binding tripeptide GHK, a valuable crystallization and phasing tag for macromolecular crystallography.Acta crystallographica. Section D, Structural biology · 2020Article
- Antioxidants as an Epidermal Stem Cell Activator.Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Review
- Expression and Purification of Recombinant GHK Tripeptides Are Able to Protect against Acute Cardiotoxicity from Exposure to Waterborne-Copper in Zebrafish.Biomolecules · 2020Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Oxidative stress, disrupted copper homeostasis, and neuroinflammation due to overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines are considered leading causative factors in development of age-associated neurodegenerative conditions. Recently, a new mechanism of aging-detrimental epigenetic modifications-has emerged. Thus, compounds that possess antioxidant, anti-inflammatory activity as well as compounds capable of restoring copper balance and proper gene functioning may be able to prevent age-associated cognitive decline and ward off many common neurodegenerative conditions. The aim of this paper is to bring attention to a compound with a long history of safe use in wound healing and antiaging skin care. The human tripeptide GHK was discovered in 1973 as an activity in human albumin that caused old human liver tissue to synthesize proteins like younger tissue. It has high affinity for copper ions and easily forms a copper complex or GHK-Cu. In addition, GHK possesses a plethora of other regenerative and protective actions including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and wound healing properties. Recent studies revealed its ability to up- and downregulate a large number of human genes including those that are critical for neuronal development and maintenance. We propose GHK tripeptide as a possible therapeutic agent against age-associated neurodegeneration and cognitive decline.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.