ArticleProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America2012
Perforin-dependent CD4+ T-cell cytotoxicity contributes to control a murine poxvirus infection.
Article in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 66 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
66 citing papers in PubMed, 88 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antiviral innate immunity and adaptive immune responses against monkeypox and viral immune evasion.World journal of virology · 2026Review
- Cytotoxic CD4Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Conditional T and NK cell antagonism by a giant and highly conserved orthopoxvirus virulence factor.Research square · 2026Article
- Cytotoxic T lymphocytes and their dual role in modulating blood-brain barrier integrity in immune-mediated neurological pathologies.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- EomesoderminImmunity · 2025Article
- IL-21-dependent Ly6CCell death discovery · 2025Article
- Osteoblast-CD4Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2025Article
- A specific microbial consortium enhances Th1 immunity, improves LCMV viral clearance but aggravates LCMV disease pathology in mice.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Viral Infection and Dissemination Through the Lymphatic System.Microorganisms · 2025Review
- Role of lamin A/C on dendritic cell function in antiviral immunity.Cellular and molecular life sciences : CMLS · 2024Article
- The roles of CD4Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2024Article
- Cytotoxic CD4+ T Cells Are Induced during Infection with Chlamydia trachomatis.Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950) · 2024Article
- Natural Immunomodulatory Agents as a Complementary Therapy for Poxviruses.Advances in experimental medicine and biology · 2024Review
- c-Myc uses Cul4b to preserve genome integrity and promote antiviral CD8Nature communications · 2023Article
- Cytotoxic CD4 development requires CD4 effectors to concurrently recognize local antigen and encounter type I IFN-induced IL-15.Cell reports · 2023Article
- Article
- CTLA4 protects against maladaptive cytotoxicity during the differentiation of effector and follicular CD4Cellular & molecular immunology · 2023Article
- Resistance To Poxvirus Lethality Does Not Require the Necroptosis Proteins RIPK3 or MLKL.Journal of virology · 2023Article
- Cytotoxic CD4Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
- Cytotoxic CD4 T cells in the mucosa and in cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2023Review
6 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
CD4(+) T cells are generally regarded as helpers and regulators of the immune response. Although cytolytic CD4(+) T cells have been described, whether those generated during the course of a viral infection play a role in virus control remains unknown. Here we show that during acute infection with ectromelia virus, the mouse homolog of the human virus of smallpox, large numbers of CD4(+) T cells in the draining lymph node and liver of resistant mice have a cytotoxic phenotype. We also show that these cells kill targets in vivo in a perforin-dependent manner and that mice with specific deficiency of perforin in CD4(+) T cells have impaired virus control. Thus, perforin-dependent CD4(+) T-cell killing of infected cells is an important mechanism of antiviral defense.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.