ReviewThe Journal of experimental medicine2012
Neural reflexes in inflammation and immunity.
Review in The Journal of experimental medicine, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 199 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
A Pilot Study to Quantify the Autonomic Nervous System Balance in Healthy, Able-Bodied Individuals
A Pilot Study to Evaluate Safety and Ability of the Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulator the Travagus One System to Decrease Inflammatory Mediators in Patients With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.
Who cites it
199 citing papers in PubMed, 369 citations in OpenAlex.
- Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation Treatment for Erythematotelangiectatic Rosacea: A Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA dermatology · 2025Trial
- Transcutaneous vagus nerve stimulation as a pain modulator in knee osteoarthritis: a randomized controlled clinical trial.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2025Trial
- Effects of Low-Level Tragus Stimulation on Endothelial Function in Heart Failure With Reduced Ejection Fraction.Journal of cardiac failure · 2021Trial
- Vagus nerve stimulation inhibits cytokine production and attenuates disease severity in rheumatoid arthritis.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2016Trial
- Transvenous vagus nerve stimulation does not modulate the innate immune response during experimental human endotoxemia: a randomized controlled study.Arthritis research & therapy · 2015Trial
- Quantum and nanoscale sensing of microinflammation for earlier detection of chronic inflammatory and neuroimmune disease.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Immune Regulatory Role of Parasympathetic Nervous System in Murine Corneal Allografts via Inhibition of Dendritic Cell Activation and T Cell Polarization.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2026Article
- Alpha 7 nicotinic acetylcholine receptor contributes to long-term cognitive recovery following ischemic stroke.Experimental neurology · 2026Article
- Pathogenic Drivers of Difficult-to-Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis: Synovium and Beyond.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- The gut-liver axis modulates intestinal immune homeostasis.Mucosal immunology · 2026Review
- Role of the neurotransmitter-receptor pathway in T-cell tumor immunology and cancer immunotherapy.Acta biochimica et biophysica Sinica · 2026Review
- Electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve improves amyloid pathology in delirium superimposed on dementia.Bioelectronic medicine · 2026Article
- Neuro-immune interactions in colorectal cancer: mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications within the tumor immune microenvironment.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Effects of Transcutaneous Auricular Vagus Nerve Stimulation and Transcutaneous Electrical Acupoint Stimulation on Peripheral Inflammatory Factors in Patients with Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia: A 2×2 Factorial Design Protocol.Journal of inflammation research · 2026Article
- Ly6/uPAR Protein fromMarine drugs · 2025Article
- Article
- Connection and communication between the nervous and immune systems.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2025Review
- Neuroimmune Control of Inflammation in Acute Kidney Injury and Multiorgan Dysfunction.Journal of the American Society of Nephrology : JASN · 2025Review
- Neuro-immune regulation of sepsis-associated delirium via the PBN-CeA-spleen axis.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2025Article
- Sensory signals for nausea.Trends in neurosciences · 2025Review
139 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
The mammalian immune system and the nervous system coevolved under the influence of infection and sterile injury. Knowledge of homeostatic mechanisms by which the nervous system controls organ function was originally applied to the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, and other body systems. Development of advanced neurophysiological and immunological techniques recently enabled the study of reflex neural circuits that maintain immunological homeostasis, and are essential for health in mammals. Such reflexes are evolutionarily ancient, dating back to invertebrate nematode worms that possess primitive immune and nervous systems. Failure of these reflex mechanisms in mammals contributes to nonresolving inflammation and disease. It is also possible to target these neural pathways using electrical nerve stimulators and pharmacological agents to hasten the resolution of inflammation and provide therapeutic benefit.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.