ArticlePloS one2012
Lipopolysaccharide O-antigen prevents phagocytosis of Vibrio anguillarum by rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) skin epithelial cells.
Article in PloS one, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 44 citations in OpenAlex.
- Evaluation of Protective Efficacy of Formalin-Killed and Auxotrophic-Live Vibrio anguillarum Against Homologous and Heterologous Strains in Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).Journal of fish diseases · 2026Article
- Serotypic and Genomic Diversity of Vibrio anguillarum in Rainbow Trout Farms in Turkey: Implications for Vibriosis Control and Vaccine Candidate Selection.Journal of fish diseases · 2026Article
- Multiscale comparative pathogenomic analysis of Vibrio anguillarum linking serotype diversity, genomic plasticity and pathogenicity.Journal, genetic engineering & biotechnology · 2025Article
- Depth-Resolved Temperature-Dependent Penetration of Polymyxin B in Phospholipids/Lipopolysaccharide Asymmetric Bilayers.ACS omega · 2025Article
- Article
- Ongoing diversification of the global fish pathogen Piscirickettsia salmonis through genetic isolation and transposition bursts.The ISME journal · 2023Article
- Comparative Genomic Analysis of VirulentMicroorganisms · 2023Article
- Alteration of lipopolysaccharide O antigen leads to avirulence of gut-colonizingFrontiers in microbiology · 2023Article
- Dynamic Immune Response to Vibriosis in Pacific OysterMicroorganisms · 2021Article
- Adherent Intestinal Cells From Atlantic Salmon Show Phagocytic Ability and Express Macrophage-Specific Genes.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2020Article
- A Hopeful Sea-Monster: A Very Large Homologous Recombination Event Impacting the Core Genome of the Marine PathogenFrontiers in microbiology · 2020Article
- The Expression of Virulence Factors inFrontiers in microbiology · 2019Article
- Isocitrate dehydrogenase mutation in Vibrio anguillarum results in virulence attenuation and immunoprotection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).BMC microbiology · 2017Article
- Vibriophages Differentially Influence Biofilm Formation by Vibrio anguillarum Strains.Applied and environmental microbiology · 2015Article
- Type IV pilus glycosylation mediates resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to opsonic activities of the pulmonary surfactant protein A.Infection and immunity · 2015Article
- Complete genome sequence of Vibrio anguillarum strain NB10, a virulent isolate from the Gulf of Bothnia.Standards in genomic sciences · 2015Article
- A Review of the Immunological Mechanisms Following Mucosal Vaccination of Finfish.Frontiers in immunology · 2015Review
- The mucosal immune system of fish: the evolution of tolerating commensals while fighting pathogens.Fish & shellfish immunology · 2013Review
- Differentially expressed proteins in the skin mucus of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) upon natural infection with Vibrio anguillarum.BMC veterinary research · 2013Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Colonization of host tissues is a first step taken by many pathogens during the initial stages of infection. Despite the impact of bacterial disease on wild and farmed fish, only a few direct studies have characterized bacterial factors required for colonization of fish tissues. In this study, using live-cell and confocal microscopy, rainbow trout skin epithelial cells, the main structural component of the skin epidermis, were demonstrated to phagocytize bacteria. Mutant analyses showed that the fish pathogen Vibrio anguillarum required the lipopolysaccharide O-antigen to evade phagocytosis and that O-antigen transport required the putative wzm-wzt-wbhA operon, which encodes two ABC polysaccharide transporter proteins and a methyltransferase. Pretreatment of the epithelial cells with mannose prevented phagocytosis of V. anguillarum suggesting that a mannose receptor is involved in the uptake process. In addition, the O-antigen transport mutants could not colonize the skin but they did colonize the intestines of rainbow trout. The O-antigen polysaccharides were also shown to aid resistance to the antimicrobial factors, lysozyme and polymyxin B. In summary, rainbow trout skin epithelial cells play a role in the fish innate immunity by clearing bacteria from the skin epidermis. In defense, V. anguillarum utilizes O-antigen polysaccharides to evade phagocytosis by the epithelial cells allowing it to colonize rapidly fish skin tissues.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.