ArticleThe Journal of biological chemistry2012
Retinoic acid receptors recognize the mouse genome through binding elements with diverse spacing and topology.
Article in The Journal of biological chemistry, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 88 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
88 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 158 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Retinoic acid in health and disease.Signal transduction and targeted therapy · 2026Review
- Multiplexed Retinoic Acid Signal Reporters for In Vivo and In Vitro Use.Genesis (New York, N.Y. : 2000) · 2026Article
- Genome-wide chromatin profiling reveals a nonlimiting role for RXR in macrophage-like cells stimulated with multiple nuclear receptor agonists.The Journal of biological chemistry · 2026Article
- Genome-wide analysis reveals ligand-dependent allostery in RARα:RXR-mediated transcriptional regulation.Cell reports · 2026Article
- TTNPB Promotes Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-to-Neural Stem Cell Transition via Modulation of Chromatin Accessibility and the S-(5'-adenosyl)-L-homocysteine/Choline Metabolic Network.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- The role of RARG in solid tumor progression and therapeutic potential.Discover oncology · 2026Review
- Dietary Fat Intake Attenuates Vitamin A Deficiency-Associated Elastic Fiber Remodeling and Lipid Reduction in the Alveolar Niche in Mice.The Journal of nutrition · 2025Article
- New structural insights into the control of the retinoic acid receptors RAR/RXR by DNA, ligands, and transcriptional coregulators.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Article
- Genomic regions occupied by both RARα and VDR are involved in the convergence and cooperation of retinoid and vitamin D signaling pathways.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- The farnesoid X receptor activates transcription independently of RXR at non-canonical response elements.Nucleic acids research · 2025Article
- Feedback regulation of retinaldehyde reductase DHRS3, a critical determinant of retinoic acid homeostasis.FEBS letters · 2025Article
- Early retinoic acid signaling organizes the body axis and defines domains for the forelimb and eye.Current topics in developmental biology · 2025Review
- Rewiring of the epigenome and chromatin architecture by exogenously induced retinoic acid signaling during zebrafish embryonic development.Nucleic acids research · 2024Article
- Retinoic acid modulation of granule cell activity and spatial discrimination in the adult hippocampus.Frontiers in cellular neuroscience · 2024Article
- Retinoid X receptor heterodimers in hepatic function: structural insights and therapeutic potential.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Review
- Retinoic Acid-Mediated Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells to Neuronal Cells.Methods in molecular biology (Clifton, N.J.) · 2024Article
- International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology CXIII: Nuclear Receptor Superfamily-Update 2023.Pharmacological reviews · 2023Review
- Anterior Insula-Associated Social Novelty Recognition: Pivotal Roles of a Local Retinoic Acid Cascade and Oxytocin Signaling.The American journal of psychiatry · 2023Article
28 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Retinoic acid receptors (RARs) heterodimerize with retinoid X receptors (RXRs) and bind to RA response elements (RAREs) in the regulatory regions of their target genes. Although previous studies on limited sets of RA-regulated genes have defined canonical RAREs as direct repeats of the consensus RGKTCA separated by 1, 2, or 5 nucleotides (DR1, DR2, DR5), we show that in mouse embryoid bodies or F9 embryonal carcinoma cells, RARs occupy a large repertoire of sites with DR0, DR8, and IR0 (inverted repeat 0) elements. Recombinant RAR-RXR binds these non-canonical spacings in vitro with comparable affinities to DR2 and DR5. Most DR8 elements comprise three half-sites with DR2 and DR0 spacings. This specific half-site organization constitutes a previously unrecognized but frequent signature of RAR binding elements. In functional assays, DR8 and IR0 elements act as independent RAREs, whereas DR0 does not. Our results reveal an unexpected diversity in the spacing and topology of binding elements for the RAR-RXR heterodimer. The differential ability of RAR-RXR bound to DR0 compared to DR2, DR5, and DR8 to mediate RA-dependent transcriptional activation indicates that half-site spacing allosterically regulates RAR function.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.