ArticleInvestigative ophthalmology & visual science2012
Preservation of retina ganglion cell function by morphine in a chronic ocular-hypertensive rat model.
Article in Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 31 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
31 citing papers in PubMed, 53 citations in OpenAlex.
- Caspase-mediated pathways in retinal ganglion cell injury: a novel therapeutic target for glaucoma.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2025Review
- Exploring the Ocular Surface Microbiome and Tear Proteome in Glaucoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Intercellular communication atlas reveals Oprm1 as a neuroprotective factor for retinal ganglion cells.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Transcriptome Analysis of Retinal and Choroidal Pathologies in Aged BALB/c Mice Following Systemic Neonatal Murine Cytomegalovirus Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Sphingomyelinases in retinas and optic nerve heads: Effects of ocular hypertension and ischemia.Experimental eye research · 2022Article
- The role of the adaptive immune system and T cell dysfunction in neurodegenerative diseases.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Review
- Influences of Glaucoma on the Structure and Function of Synapses in the Visual System.Antioxidants & redox signaling · 2022Review
- Morphine Accumulates in the Retina Following Chronic Systemic Administration.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- A Monoclonal Anti-HMGB1 Antibody Attenuates Neurodegeneration in an Experimental Animal Model of Glaucoma.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- A retinal contribution to opioid-induced sleep disorders?Frontiers in neuroscience · 2022Review
- Reduction of Neuroinflammation by δ-Opioids Via STAT3-Dependent Pathway in Chronic Glaucoma Model.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2021Article
- Changes in Class I and IIb HDACs by δ-Opioid in Chronic Rat Glaucoma Model.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Histone Deacetylases Regulation by δ-Opioids in Human Optic Nerve Head Astrocytes.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2020Article
- Article
- Neuroprotective Peptides in Retinal Disease.Journal of clinical medicine · 2019Review
- Voluntary running delays primary degeneration in rat retinas after partial optic nerve transection.Neural regeneration research · 2019Article
- PI3K/Akt Pathway: A Role in δ-Opioid Receptor-Mediated RGC Neuroprotection.Investigative ophthalmology & visual science · 2017Article
- Caspases in retinal ganglion cell death and axon regeneration.Cell death discovery · 2017Review
- Changes in ganglion cell physiology during retinal degeneration influence excitability by prosthetic electrodes.Journal of neural engineering · 2016Article
- α-Aminoadipic acid protects against retinal disruption through attenuating Müller cell gliosis in a rat model of acute ocular hypertension.Drug design, development and therapy · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe current study examined if opioid-receptor-activation by morphine can improve retinal function and retinal ganglion cell (RGC) integrity in a chronic glaucoma rat model.
methodsIOP was raised in Brown Norway rats by injecting hypertonic saline into the limbal venous system. Rats were treated daily with 1 mg/kg morphine for 28 days at 24-hour intervals; animals were examined for changes in IOP by a TonoLab tonometer. Pattern-ERG (PERG) was obtained in response to contrast-reversal of patterned visual stimuli. RGCs were visualized by fluorogold retrograde-labeling. Changes in the expression pattern of TNF-α and caspases were measured by Western blotting.
resultsA significant IOP elevation was seen as early as 7 days, and maintained for up to 8 weeks, after surgery. PERG amplitudes were significantly reduced in ocular-hypertensive eyes (15.84±0.74 μvolts) when compared with normal eyes (19±0.86 μvolts). PERG deficits in hypertensive eyes were reversed by morphine treatment (18.23±0.78 μvolts; P<0.05). In untreated rats, a 24% reduction in labeled RGCs was measured in the hypertensive eye compared with the normal eye. This reduction in RGC labeling was significantly ameliorated in the presence of morphine. In retinal samples, TNF-α, caspase-8, and caspase-3 expressions were significantly upregulated in ocular hypertensive eyes, but completely inhibited in the morphine-treated animals.
conclusionsThese data provide evidence that activation of opioid receptors can provide significant improvement in PERG and RGC integrity against glaucomatous injury. Mechanistic data provide clues that activation of one or more opioid receptors can reduce glaucomatous-injury via suppression of TNF-α and caspase activation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.