ArticleApplied and environmental microbiology2012
Effects of sequential and simultaneous applications of bacteriophages on populations of Pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in wax moth larvae.
Article in Applied and environmental microbiology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 107 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
107 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 174 citations in OpenAlex.
- A consensus-based guideline for personalized bacteriophage therapy.Nature medicine · 2026Guideline
- Characterization and genomic analysis of a jumbo Aeromonas hydrophila phage BMBAH1, representing a candidate novel viral genus.Virus research · 2026Article
- Phage Therapy Is Partially Successful in Rescuing Hornworms fromAntibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Characterization and therapeutic potential of two Kayvirus phages against methicillin-resistant S. aureus in a rat myositis model.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2026Article
- Towards modeling phage therapy.PLoS computational biology · 2026Article
- Article
- Sequential Phage Delivery Can Outperform Cocktails by Delaying Cross-Resistance Evolution.Viruses · 2026Article
- Alginate encapsulation enhanced the gastrointestinal stability and bactericidal efficacy of an optimized Salmonella phage cocktail for oral delivery in poultry feed.Poultry science · 2026Article
- Rapid resistance evolution against phage cocktails.The ISME journal · 2026Article
- Article
- Structure of the bacteriophage PhiKZ non-virion RNA polymerase bound to a p119L open promoter analogue.IUCrJ · 2026Article
- Phage Therapy as a Novel Alternative to Antibiotics Through Adaptive Evolution and Fitness Trade-Offs.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Biocontrol of Phage Resistance inViruses · 2025Review
- Marine Bacteriophages as Next-Generation Therapeutics: Insights into Antimicrobial Potential and Application.Viruses · 2025Review
- Antimicrobial Potential of Bacteriophages JG005 and JG024 AgainstVeterinary sciences · 2025Article
- Characterization, Genomic Analysis and Application of Five Lytic Phages Against Carbapenem-ResistantMicroorganisms · 2025Article
- Enhanced bacteriostatic effects of phage vB_C4 and cell wall-targeting antibiotic combinations against drug-resistantMicrobiology spectrum · 2025Article
- Multi-strain phage induced clearance of bacterial infections.PLoS computational biology · 2025Article
- Phage-phage competition and biofilms affect interactions between two virulent bacteriophages and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.The ISME journal · 2025Article
- The synergistic effect between phages and Ceftolozane/Tazobactam inEmerging microbes & infections · 2024Article
47 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Interest in using bacteriophages to treat bacterial infections (phage therapy) is growing, but there have been few experiments comparing the effects of different treatment strategies on both bacterial densities and resistance evolution. While it is established that multiphage therapy is typically more effective than the application of a single phage type, it is not clear if it is best to apply phages simultaneously or sequentially. We tried single- and multiphage therapy against Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 in vitro, using different combinations of phages either simultaneously or sequentially. Across different phage combinations, simultaneous application was consistently equal or superior to sequential application in terms of reducing bacterial population density, and there was no difference (on average) in terms of minimizing resistance. Phage-resistant bacteria emerged in all experimental treatments and incurred significant fitness costs, expressed as reduced growth rate in the absence of phages. Finally, phage therapy increased the life span of wax moth larvae infected with P. aeruginosa, and a phage cocktail was the most effective short-term treatment. When the ratio of phages to bacteria was very high, phage cocktails cured otherwise lethal infections. These results suggest that while adding all available phages simultaneously tends to be the most successful short-term strategy, there are sequential strategies that are equally effective and potentially better over longer time scales.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.