ReviewCurrent opinion in immunology2012
Co-infection subverts mucosal immunity in the upper respiratory tract.
Review in Current opinion in immunology, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 41 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
41 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 59 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Pneumococcal colonization impairs mucosal immune responses to live attenuated influenza vaccine.JCI insight · 2021Trial
- Innate and adaptive nasal mucosal immune responses following experimental human pneumococcal colonization.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2019Trial
- Trial
- A decade of endemic human coronaviruses: epidemiological patterns and clinical significance in an adult cohort at a tertiary care hospital in Germany.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Mono- and co-infections of primary porcine respiratory cells withInfection and immunity · 2026Article
- Change in the distribution ofFrontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Streptococcus pneumoniae colonization associates with impaired adaptive immune responses against SARS-CoV-2.The Journal of clinical investigation · 2022Article
- Disease Tolerance during Viral-Bacterial Co-Infections.Viruses · 2021Review
- Targeted Hybridization Capture of SARS-CoV-2 and Metagenomics Enables Genetic Variant Discovery and Nasal Microbiome Insights.Microbiology spectrum · 2021Article
- Sequential targeting of interferon pathways for increased host resistance to bacterial superinfection during influenza.PLoS pathogens · 2021Article
- Molecular pathogenesis of secondary bacterial infection associated to viral infections including SARS-CoV-2.Journal of infection and public health · 2020Review
- Bacterial co-infections with SARS-CoV-2.IUBMB life · 2020Review
- Coinfections and their molecular consequences in the porcine respiratory tract.Veterinary research · 2020Review
- Co-infection: when whole can be greater than the sum: The complex reaction to co-infection of different pathogens can generate variable symptoms.EMBO reports · 2018Article
- Pneumococcal Phenotype and Interaction with Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae as Determinants of Otitis Media Progression.Infection and immunity · 2018Article
- Modelling upper respiratory tract diseases: getting grips on host-microbe interactions in chronic rhinosinusitis using in vitro technologies.Microbiome · 2018Review
- Microbial co-infection alters macrophage polarization, phagosomal escape, and microbial killing.Innate immunity · 2018Article
- Surviving Deadly Lung Infections: Innate Host Tolerance Mechanisms in the Pulmonary System.Frontiers in immunology · 2018Review
- Role of Inflammatory Risk Factors in the Pathogenesis ofFrontiers in immunology · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Polymicrobial interactions on mucosal surfaces can influence inflammation, immunity, and disease outcome. Here, we review how host responses to colonization in the upper respiratory tract with the bacterial pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae can be altered by co-infection. Recent advances provide a mechanistic understanding of how mucosal immunity can be subverted at distinct immunological time-points during pneumococcal colonization by other pathogens such as Haemophilus influenzae, influenza type A and Staphylococcus aureus. These examples use animal models of co-infection to highlight how otherwise effective host responses can be rendered ineffective by co-infection, and vice versa. The complex microbial ecology of mucosal sites must be considered to fully understand how immune responses in a natural setting influence the outcome of host-pathogen interactions.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.